General - Ch. 13

Question 1

Causes of lymphopenia

Answer 1

HIV, glucocorticoids, chemo, autoimmune disorders, malnutrition, some acute viral infections

Question 2

Splenomegaly leads to…

Answer 2

Neutropenia and thrombocytopenia, maybe anemia

Question 3

Most common cause of agranulocytosis

Answer 3

Drug toxicity (chemo drugs or sulfonamides)

Question 4

LGL leukemia…what is it? Side effect?

Answer 4

Monoclonal proliferation of large granular lymphocytes causes feedback suppression of granulocytic precursors, causing neutropenia

Question 5

Ulcerating necrotizing lesions of gingiva, floor of mouth, buccal mucosa, pharynx, or other part of oral cavity…think what? Causes?

Answer 5

Agranulocytosis - via chemo drugs, sulfonamides, aplastic anemia, infiltrative marrow disorders, megaloblastic anemia, myelodysplastic syndromes, Kostmann syndrome

Question 6

Infection w/ massive organismal growth and little leukocytic response. Bacteria growing in colonies

Answer 6

Botryomycosis - due to neutropenia

Question 7

4 major causes (general) of leukocytosis

Answer 7

• Increased production in marrow
• Increased release from marrow stores
• Decreased margination in capillary beds
• Decreased extravasation into tissues

Question 8

Causes of leukocytosis due to increased production in marrow

Answer 8

• Chronic inflammation/infection
• Paraneoplastic response (HL, etc.)
• Myeloproliferative disorder (CML, etc.)

Question 9

Causes of leukocytosis due to increased release from marrow stores

Answer 9

• Endotoxemia
• Infection
• Hypoxia

Question 10

Causes of leukocytosis due to deceased margination in capillary beds

Answer 10

Exercise, catecholamines

Question 11

Cause of leukocytosis due to decreased extravasation into tissues

Answer 11

Glucocorticoids

Question 12

Neutrophilic leukocytosis…think?

Answer 12

• Pyogenic infection

- Tissue necrosis (MI, burns) - sterile inflammation

Question 13

Eosinophilic leukocytosis…think?

Answer 13

Allergies, parasites, drug reactions, some lymphomas, autoimmune disorders, IBD, vasculitides

Question 14

Basophilic leukocytosis…think?

Answer 14

Myeloproliferative disease (CML)

Question 15

Monocytosis…think?

Answer 15

Chronic infections (TB), endocarditis, rickettsia, malaria; autoimmune disorders, IBD

Question 16

Lymphocytosis…think?

Answer 16

Viral infections, Bordetella pertussis, chronic infections (TB, Brucellosis)

Question 17

Severe infection, many immature granulocytes in the blood

Answer 17

Leukemoid reaction - NOT neoplastic

Question 18

Highly dynamic structures in which B cells acquire the capacity to make high-affinity antibodies against specific antigens

Answer 18

Germinal centers - LNs

Question 19

Cervical lymphadenitits, infection symptoms

Answer 19

Acute nonspecific lymphadenitis - teeth or tonsil infection

Question 20

Axillary lymphadenitits, infection symptoms

Answer 20

Acute nonspecific lymphadenitits - extremity infection

Question 21

Mesenteric lymphadenitis, infection symptoms

Answer 21

Acute appendicitis

Question 22

Acute general lymphadenopathy, infection symptoms

Answer 22

Systemic viral infection or bacteremia

Question 23

Naive B cells…neoplasm(s)?

Answer 23

CLL/SLL

Question 24

Mantle B cells…neoplasm(s)?

Answer 24

Mantle cell lymphoma

Question 25

Germinal center B cells...neoplasm(s)?

Answer 25

- Follicular lymphoma - Burkitt lymphoma - DLBCL - Hodgkin's lymphoma

Question 26

Marginal B cells...neoplasm(s)?

Answer 26

- DLBCL - Marginal zone lymphoma - CLL/SLL

Question 27

All peripheral T cell lymphomas (not T-ALL) come from what cell type?

Answer 27

Peripheral T cells (paracortical region)

Question 28

Good prognosis in ALL (5)

Answer 28

- 2-10 yo - Low WBC count (peripheral blasts less than 100,000) - Hyperdiploidy - Trisomy of 4, 7, 10 - t(12;21)

Question 29

How to diagnose AML?

Answer 29

Stains for myeloid-specific antigens

Question 30

Common features of MPD's

Answer 30

- Increased BM proliferation - Extramedullary hematopoiesis - Marrow fibrosis and cytopenias (spent phase) - Acute leukemia transformation