General - Ch. 14

Question 1

MCV

Answer 1

Average RBC volume

Question 2

MCH

Answer 2

Average Hgb content

Question 3

MCHC

Answer 3

Weight % due to Hgb

Question 4

RDW

Answer 4

Average weight/size of RBCs

Question 5

• Mechanical injury
• Complement fixation
• Intracellular parasites
• Toxic injury

Answer 5

Intravascular hemolysis causes

Question 6

• Mechanical valves
• Thrombotic narrowing of microvasculature
• Repetitive trauma

Answer 6

Causes of mechanical injury to RBCs (intravascular hemolysis)

Question 7

Major intracellular parasite in RBCs, causing intravascular hemolysis

Answer 7

Malaria

Question 8

Clostridial sepsis

Answer 8

Major cause of toxic injury to RBCs, causing intravascular hemolysis

Question 9

Red-brown urine in intravascular hemolytic anemia…cause?

Answer 9

Methemoglobin (after haptoglobin is depleted)

Question 10

Jaundice in hemolytic anemia

Answer 10

Hgb-haptoglobin complexes metabolized to unconjugated bilirubin

Question 11

What is commonly seen in the kidney in intravascular hemolytic anemia?

Answer 11

Hemosiderosis (iron deposition in tubules)

Question 12

Extravascular hemolytic anemia is due to what?

Causing what?

Answer 12

Decreased deformability of the RBC membrane

Splenic sequestration, macrophage phagocytosis

Question 13

Profoundly chronic anemia can cause what changes in other organs?

Answer 13

Fatty change in liver, heart, kidney, CNS

Question 14

Hypo-micro anemia usually due to deficit in ____, generally

Answer 14

Hgb synthesis

Question 15

Macrocytic anemia usually due to deficit in ____, generally

Answer 15

Maturation of erythroid precursors

Question 16

Reticulocytosis implies that ____ and ____

Answer 16

The BM is functional, and RBCs are being lost

Question 17

Conjugated hyperbilirubinemia…rule out what?

Answer 17

Hemolytic anemia (always unconjugated)

Question 18

• Viral hepatitis
• Pneumonia
• Typhoid fever

Answer 18

Infectious causes of oxidant stress in G6PD deficiency

Question 19

• Antimalarials (primaquine, chloroquine)
• Sulfonamides
• Nitrofurantoins

Answer 19

Drug causes of oxidant stress in G6PD deficiency

Question 20

Fava beans

Answer 20

Food cause of oxidant stress in G6PD deficiency

Question 21

Cross-linked sulfhydryl groups on damaged globin chains that become denatured and form membrane-bound precipitates

Cause what?

Pathology appearance?

Disease?

Answer 21

Heinz bodies

Membrane damage –> intravascular or extravascular hemolysis

Dark inclusions in RBCs on crystal violet, w/ BITE CELLS and SPHEROCYTES

G6PD deficiency

Question 22

• Aplastic crises
• Hemolytic crises

Organisms for each?

Answer 22

Hereditary spherocytosis

Aplastic = parvovirus
Hemolytic = EBV (mononucleosis)

Question 23

Sickle cell disease is what?

Answer 23

Mutation in beta-globin gene, causing polymerization of hemoglobin w/in RBCs in certain physiologic conditions, leading to hemolysis and anemia

Question 24

2 reasons for malaria prevention in sickle cell

Answer 24

• The parasite consumes oxygen and decreases pH, causing sickling
• Impaired formation of PfEMP-1

Question 25

Protection from malaria

Answer 25

• G6PD deficiency
• Sickle cell disease
• Thalassemias

Question 26

• Chronic hemolysis
• Microvascular occlusions
• Tissue damage

Answer 26

Sickle cell disease - major pathologic manifestations

Question 27

HbSC sickle cell prognosis/symptoms compared to normal sickle cell

Answer 27

Better/milder than normal sickle cell

Question 28

Left off on p. 636

Answer 28

a