GI Pathology

Question 1

Failure of lower esophageal sphincter (LES) to relax; loss of ganglion cells.

Answer 1

achalasia

Question 2

Hernia of the stomach into the chest through the diaphragm.

Answer 2

Hiatal hernia

Question 3

Esophageal varices are dilated veins in the _____ esophagus. Seen in what?

Answer 3

Lower

Portal hypertension

Question 4

Chronic inflammation of the lower esophagus due to acid regurgitation.

Answer 4

GERD

Gastro-esophageal reflux disease

Question 5

Premalignant metaplastic change of lower esophagus due to GERD.

Answer 5

Barrett’s esophagus

Question 6

MC esophageal cancer: Show excess _______ in the diet.

Answer 6

Squamous cell carcinoma

nitrosamines

Question 7

Esophageal cancer: Adenocarcinoma comes from?

Answer 7

Barrett’s esophagus

Question 8

Linear tear in lower esophagus due to protracted vomiting and retching.

Answer 8

Mallory-Weiss syndrome

Question 9

Peptic ulcer disease is due to a ______ infection.

Answer 9

Helicobacter pylori

Question 10

Peptic ulcer presents with an ulcer along the ________ of the stomach - 70% of the time or on the _____95%.

Answer 10

Lesser curvature - 70%

Duodenum - 95%

Question 11

Epigastric pain is _____ with meals in gastric/stomach and _____ with duodenal ulcers.

Answer 11

Greater - gastric

Decreases - duodenal

Question 12

Young male infant, projectile vomiting, hypertrophic pylori sphincter

Answer 12

Congenital pyloric stenosis.

Question 13

Atrophic gastritis is caused by _____ infection. Predisposition to _______ and ________.

Answer 13

H. pylori
Pernicious anemia (B12)
Stomach cancer

Question 14

What can cause a gastric carcinoma?

Answer 14

H pylori infection
Smoking
High nitrosamines in diet

Question 15

Gastric carcinoma is MC in what area of stomach?

Answer 15

Lesser curvature

Question 16

Unexplained weight loss is seen in gastric carcinoma as well as Troisier’s sign which is:

Answer 16

Metastatic lymph node in the left supraclavicular fossa (node is known as Virchow’s node)

Question 17

Non-caseous granuloma, cobblestone terminal ileum, skip lesions, and fistula.

Answer 17

Crohn’s disease

Question 18

Crohn’s disease aka

Answer 18

Regional ileitis

Question 19

Meckel’s diverticulum is a remnant of?

Answer 19

vitelline duct

Question 20

What are the 2’s of Meckel’s diverticulum?

Answer 20

2" long
2' proximal to the ileocecal valve
2% of people
2x's MC in males
2 types of tissue: gastric and pancreatic

Question 21

Celiac disease aka? Due to malabsorption of?

Answer 21

Celiac sprue

gluten

Question 22

Whipple’s disease aka?

Answer 22

Tropical sprue

Question 23

Tropical sprue/Whipple’s disease caused by? Results in?

Answer 23

trophermya whipplei (gram+ rod)
steatorrhea and arthritis

Question 24

Appendicitis is inflammation of the appendix following blockage of it’s lumber by a ______.

Answer 24

fecalith

Question 25

Appendicitis: periumbilical pain radiation to the ____ pain with tenderness at ________ point.

Answer 25

RLQ | McBurney's point

Question 26

Diverticulis is inflammation in the diverticulum in the _____. MC in _______. Causes _____ pain and blood in stool.

Answer 26

Bowel Older male LLQ

Question 27

Telescoping of a proximal part of bowel into a distal segment. Presents with abdominal pain and intestinal obstruction in a _____.

Answer 27

intussusception | child

Question 28

Arrested neural crest cell migration, congenital aganglionosis of the _______ colon. Present with chronic constipation and a distended abdomen in _____. What is it?

Answer 28

Descending Children Hirschsprung's disease

Question 29

Chronic ulcerative inflammation. Present with bloody diarrhea, toxic megacolon, and an increased risk of colon CA.

Answer 29

Ulcerative colitis

Question 30

Ulcerative colitis is mainly confined to what area?

Answer 30

rectum

Question 31

Third most common cancer in both sexes.

Answer 31

Carcinoma of the colon

Question 32

Unexplained weight loss and change of bowel habits in the older population.

Answer 32

Carcinoma of the colon

Question 33

Twisting part of the bowel on itself. Present with intestinal obstruction and abdominal pain.

Answer 33

volvulus

Question 34

Volvulus is MC in what population? Also MC in what area?

Answer 34

Black | Sigmoid colon

Question 35

Oral pigmentation and multiple intestinal polyps.

Answer 35

Peutz-Jegher syndrome

Question 36

Spastic colon of unknown cause.

Answer 36

Irritable bowel disease

Question 37

Irritable bowel disease is associated with?

Answer 37

Interstitial cystitis

Question 38

Present with abdominal pain relieved by dedication with diarrhea and/or constipation.

Answer 38

Irritable bowel disease

Question 39

Inflammation of the liver.

Answer 39

Hepatitis

Question 40

This is seen in the liver with chronic passive venous congestion seen in CHF.

Answer 40

Nutmeg liver

Question 41

Hepatitis __ and __ : fecal/oral transmission. Water borne infection (vowels like the bowels)

Answer 41

Hepatitis A and E

Question 42

Hepatitis ___: intravenous drug use and sexually transmitted; chronic carrier state

Answer 42

B

Question 43

Chronic Hepatitis: MC cause of post transfusion hepatitis

Answer 43

C

Question 44

Chronic liver condition with damage, fibrosis and regeneration nodules.

Answer 44

Cirrhosis

Question 45

Cirrhosis usually presents with what?

Answer 45

Portal hypertension

Question 46

Obstruction to portal blood flow to the liver due to liver fibrosis.

Answer 46

Portal hypertension

Question 47

Rare cause of childhood hepatoencephalopathy caused by the use of aspirin in children.

Answer 47

Reyes's syndrome

Question 48

Accumulation of excess fluid in the abdomen.

Answer 48

ascites

Question 49

Causes aspires, caput medusae, esophageal varices, and internal hemorrhoids

Answer 49

Portal hypertension

Question 50

Dilated varicose veins radiating from the umbilicus

Answer 50

Caput medusae

Question 51

Portal tension may also be cause by decrease _____ and increased _____ levels.

Answer 51

Protein | aldosterone