Cardiovascular 2

Question 1

Hypertension is elevation of BP >_____ on __ or more occasions.

Answer 1

140/90

3

Question 2

95% of HTN are?

Answer 2

Essential (unknown)

Question 3

Secondary HTN can be due to:

Answer 3

Hyperthyroidism
Cushing’s
Unilateral renal artery stenosis
pheochromocytoma

Question 4

Rapidly progressing HTN that can lead to stroke or heart failure and early death:

Answer 4

Malignant hypertension

Question 5

These patients present with dyspnea on exertion, basal crackles in both lungs, paroxysmal nocturnal dyspnea, raised jugular venous pressure, tender hepatomegaly, and bilateral pitting ankle.

Answer 5

CHF

Question 6

CHF is caused by: 5

Answer 6

Coronary artery disease
HTN
Valvular heart disease
Congenital heart disease
cardiomyopathy

Question 7

Disease myocardium is called:

Answer 7

cardiomyopathy

Question 8

Cardiomyopathy is caused by:

Answer 8

Alcohol, pregnancy, and viral infections

Question 9

MC type of cardiomyopathy is:

Answer 9

dilated

Question 10

Three types of cardiomyopathy:

Answer 10

Dilated
Hypertrophic
restrictive

Question 11

Right sided heart failure called:

Answer 11

Cor pulmonale

Question 12

Two things that cause cor pulmonale?

Answer 12

COPD

Pulmonary embolism

Question 13

Occurs when heart is compressed due to excess fluid in pericardial sac

Answer 13

Cardiac tamponade

Question 14

Beck’s triangle associated with:

Answer 14

Cardiac tamponade

Question 15

What is Beck’s triangle:

Answer 15

Hypotension
Heart sounds distant
High jugular venous pressure

Question 16

Caused by atherosclerotic narrowing of large arteries:

Answer 16

Peripheral vascular disease

Question 17

Present with intermittent claudication - leg pain worse on walking and relieved by rest.

Answer 17

Peripheral vascular disease

Question 18

This is related to Virchow’s triad:

Answer 18

Deep vein thrombosis

Question 19

Virchow’s triad is:

Answer 19

Viscosity - increased clotting
Stasis - in veins from prolonged immobilization
Damage - to the endothelium of vessel wall/trauma

Question 20

May be associated with Factor V Leiden defect

Answer 20

DVT

Question 21

Pulmonary embolism may be related to:

Answer 21

DVT

Question 22

95% of pulmonary embolism come from ___ or ___.

Answer 22

Leg or pelvis

Question 23

Pulmonary embolism occludes one of the _______.

Answer 23

Pulmonary arteries

Question 24

PE causes a __________ mismatch

Answer 24

Ventricular/perfusion

Question 25

PE presets with a triad of:

Answer 25

Shortness of breath Pleuritic chest pain Hemoptysis - blood stained sputum

Question 26

Varicose veins may lead to:

Answer 26

thrombophlebitis

Question 27

Inflammation of the vein wall and may lead to thrombosis, presents with a swollen tender superficial cord under the skin:

Answer 27

thrombophlebitis

Question 28

Decreased blood flow triggered by cold and emotion.

Answer 28

Raynaud's disease

Question 29

Raynaud's disease is often seen in _______. Cause?

Answer 29

Young females | No known cause

Question 30

Raynaud's disease: characterized by: white ____, blue____, red _____

Answer 30

vasospasm Cyanosis vasodilation

Question 31

Raynaud's phenomenon secondary to:

Answer 31

SLE Athersclerosis scleroderma

Question 32

May be part of a CREST syndrome with anti-centromere antibodies:

Answer 32

Raynaud's syndrome

Question 33

CREST: C =

Answer 33

calcinosis cutis

Question 34

CREST: R =

Answer 34

Raynaud's phenomenon

Question 35

CREST: E =

Answer 35

Esophageal dysfunction

Question 36

CREST: S =

Answer 36

sclerodactyly

Question 37

CREST: T =

Answer 37

telangiectasia

Question 38

Polyarteritis nodosa is vascular inflammation due to a type _____ hypersensitivity reaction.

Answer 38

III

Question 39

Polyarteritis nodosa affects ______ sized arteries, 30% are seropositive for ______.

Answer 39

Medium | Hepatitis B

Question 40

May present with fever, abdominal pains, and palpable purpura.

Answer 40

Polyarteritis nodosa

Question 41

Idiopathic segmental inflammation of medium sized arteries and veins seen in male smokers between 20-40 years old.

Answer 41

Buerger's disease

Question 42

Buerger's disease aka

Answer 42

Thromboangiitis obliterans

Question 43

Buerger's disease presents with:

Answer 43

Intermittent claudication and weakened distal pulses

Question 44

Localized giant cell inflammation:

Answer 44

Temporal arteritis

Question 45

Temporal arthritis associated with a raised ____, mainly seen in ______, may be associated with ________, and may cause ______>

Answer 45

ESR Elderly polymyalgia rheumatica blindness

Question 46

Pulseless disease

Answer 46

Takayasu's arteritis

Question 47

This is due to inflammation of the aorta, possibly immune. MC in Asian females

Answer 47

Takayasu's arthritis | upper

Question 48

Benign blood vessel tumor.

Answer 48

hemangioma

Question 49

Hemangioma can occur in the ___ or the ____.

Answer 49

Skin, spine

Question 50

Neoplastic (blood) seen in people with AIDS

Answer 50

Kaposi sarcoma

Question 51

Kaposi sarcoma cause by HHV ___?

Answer 51

8

Question 52

Benign myxomatous tumor in the region of the fossa ovals.

Answer 52

Atrial myxoma

Question 53

Atrial myxoma is in the region of the _____.

Answer 53

Fossa ovalis