Gram positive bacteria Flashcards

1
Q

What colour do Gram positive bacteria stain?

A

Purple (crystal violet/iodine complex)

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2
Q

What are the two main classes of Gram positive bacteria?

A

Cocci (round)

Bacilli (rod)

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3
Q

What are the two main classes of Gram positive cocci?

A

Staphylococci (clusters)

Streptococci (chains)

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4
Q

How are staphylococci further distinguished?

A

Coagulase test; positive or negative

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5
Q

Name a type of coagulase positive bacteria and give its symptoms

A

Staph. aureus;

  • commensal in nose/groin
  • boils/blood and food poisoning
  • methicillin resistant = MRSA
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6
Q

Name a type of coagulase negative bacteria and give its symptoms

A

Staph epidermidis;

  • skin commemsal
  • pathogenic in presence of prosthetics/foreign bodies
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7
Q

How are streptococci further distinguished?

A

Haemolysis; alpha (partial)/beta (full)/non-haemolytic

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8
Q

What action does alpha-haemolytic bacteria have on blood agar?

A

Turns it green

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9
Q

What action does beta-haemolytic bacteria have on blood agar?

A

Turns it clear

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10
Q

Name a type of alpha-haemolytic bacteria and give its symptoms

A

Strep. pneumonia;

  • pneumonia
  • meningitis
  • blood poisoning
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11
Q

Name a type of beta-haemolytic bacteria and give its symptoms

A

Strep. pyogenes - Lancefield group A

  • sore throat
  • cellulitis
  • necrotising fasciitis
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12
Q

Name a type of non-haemolytic bacteria and give its symptoms

A

Enterococcus

  • gut commensal
  • causes UTI
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13
Q

What are the two main classes of Gram positive bacilli?

A

aerobic/anaerobic

large/small

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14
Q

Give the main class of anaerobic Gram positive bacilli

A

Clostridium species

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15
Q

Name the three main type of clostridium

A

Difficile
Perfringens
Tetani

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16
Q

Give some of the main symptoms of clostridium difficile?

A

Diarrhoea

Pseudomembranous colitis