Flashcards in Gross anatomy Deck (40):
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Anatomical position
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Superior/cranial
Toward the head end or upper part of the body; above
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Inferior/ caudal
Away fom the head end or toward the lower part Ida structure or the body; below
3
Anterior/ventral
Toward or at the from of the body; in front of
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Posterior/dorsal
Toward or at the back of the body; behind
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Medial
Toward or at the midline of the body
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lateral
Away from the midline of the body; outer side of
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Intermediate
Between a more medial and lateral structure
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Proximal
Closer to attachment to trunk
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Distal
Farther away from attachment to trunk
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Superficial (external)
Toward the body surface
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Deep
Interal, away from body surface
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Sagittal plane
A verticals plane that divides the body into right and left parts
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Median plane/midsagittal
Lies exactly on the midline
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Parasagittal plane
All other Sagittal planes which do not sit on the midline
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Frontal/ coronal plane
Vertical plane that separates body into anterior and posterior
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Transverse plane
Horizontal plan running from left to right dividing body into superior and inferior
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Cross section
A transverse section
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Oblique section
Cuts mad diagonally between horizontal and vertical planes; rarely used
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What is anatomy?
The study of the structure of the human body.
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What is physiology?
The study of function of the body.
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What is gross anatomy?
Macroscopic/ study of large body structues.
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What is regional anatomy?
When all structures in a particular region of the body are studied at the same time.
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What is systematic anatomy?
When body structure is studied region by region.
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What is surface anatomy?
The study of internal structures as they relate to the overlying skin surface
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What is microscopic anatomy?
Deals with structures of body that are too small to be seen with the naked eye.
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What is cytology?
The study of cell. A branch of microscopic anatomy concerned with cells.
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What is developmental anatomy?
The study of structural changes through out a lifespan.
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What is embryology?
A subdivision of developmental anatomy, concerned with developmental changes that occur before birth.
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What is pathological anatomy?
The study of structural changes caused by disease.
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What is radio graphic anatomy?
Studies internal structures as visualized by an imaging machine.
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Principle of complementary of structure and function
What a structure can do depends on it's specific form
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List the functional characteristics necessary to maintain life.
1. Maintaining boundaries
2. Movement
3. Responsiveness
4. Digestion
5. Metabolism
6. Excretion
7. Reproduction
8. Growth
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What does your body need to survive?
1. Nutrients
2. Oxygen
3. Water
4. Normal Body Temperature
5. Appropriate Atmospheric Pressure
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Maintaining boundaries
A barrier or covering protecting an organism from its external environment. Boundaries protect the organisms internal organs from drying out, bacteria, heat sunlight and chemicals.
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Movement
Organisms must propel themselves delve to one place to another, manipulate their environment. Substances in the body must move to one place to another. Muscles have to contract.
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Negative feed back
Stops effectors from doing too much
Ex. Shivering
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Positive feedback
Amplifies until homeostasis is reached
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Negative feed back and positive feed back are both an important part of
Homeostasis
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