Hand & Peripheral Nerve Injuries

Question 1

What are the main nerves of the upper limb?

Answer 1

Median nerve, Ulnar nerve, Radial nerve, Musculocutaneous nerve, Axillary nerve.

Question 2

What is the most commonly injured nerve in the upper limb?

Answer 2

Ulnar nerve.

Question 3

Which nerve is affected in carpal tunnel syndrome?

Answer 3

Median nerve.

Question 4

What is the classic hand deformity in ulnar nerve injury?

Answer 4

Claw hand.

Question 5

What are the clinical features of radial nerve injury?

Answer 5

Wrist drop, inability to extend the wrist and fingers.

Question 6

What is Froment’s sign used for?

Answer 6

Testing ulnar nerve function.

Question 7

Which nerve provides sensation to the lateral 3.5 fingers?

Answer 7

Median nerve.

Question 8

Which nerve is tested by the ‘OK’ sign?

Answer 8

Anterior interosseous branch of the median nerve.

Question 9

What muscle group is affected in posterior interosseous nerve syndrome?

Answer 9

Extensor muscles of the forearm.

Question 10

What is the sensory loss pattern in median nerve injury at the wrist?

Answer 10

Palmar aspect of the thumb, index, middle, and lateral half of the ring finger.

Question 11

What is the motor deficit in ulnar nerve injury at the elbow?

Answer 11

Weakness of intrinsic hand muscles, ulnar half of flexor digitorum profundus.

Question 12

What test is used to assess median nerve compression at the wrist?

Answer 12

Phalen’s test.

Question 13

What is the significance of Tinel’s sign?

Answer 13

Indicates nerve regeneration or compression neuropathy.

Question 14

What hand deformity is seen in median nerve injury at the elbow?

Answer 14

Hand of benediction.

Question 15

What is the function of the thenar muscles?

Answer 15

Thumb opposition, abduction, and flexion.

Question 16

Which nerve innervates the hypothenar muscles?

Answer 16

Ulnar nerve.

Question 17

What is the function of the dorsal interossei muscles?

Answer 17

Abduction of fingers.

Question 18

Which test assesses for radial nerve palsy?

Answer 18

Wrist extension test.

Question 19

What is the Allen’s test used for?

Answer 19

Assess arterial blood flow to the hand.

Question 20

Which injury leads to a ‘claw hand’ at rest?

Answer 20

Ulnar nerve injury at the wrist.

Question 21

Which structure is most commonly compressed in thoracic outlet syndrome?

Answer 21

Brachial plexus.

Question 22

What muscle is innervated solely by the musculocutaneous nerve?

Answer 22

Biceps brachii.

Question 23

What are signs of Erb’s palsy?

Answer 23

Waiter’s tip position: arm adducted, internally rotated, elbow extended.

Question 24

What are signs of Klumpke’s palsy?

Answer 24

Claw hand, weakness of intrinsic hand muscles.

Question 25

What are the key features of Saturday night palsy?

Answer 25

Radial nerve compression leading to wrist drop.

Question 26

What is ape hand deformity?

Answer 26

Thenar atrophy and inability to oppose thumb, seen in median nerve injury.

Question 27

Which nerve is responsible for the sensation of the medial forearm?

Answer 27

Medial cutaneous nerve of the forearm.

Question 28

What is a common cause of ulnar nerve entrapment?

Answer 28

Compression at the cubital tunnel.

Question 29

Which nerve passes through the quadrangular space?

Answer 29

Axillary nerve.

Question 30

What is the function of the palmar interossei muscles?

Answer 30

Adduction of fingers.

Question 31

What deformity occurs with flexor digitorum profundus rupture?

Answer 31

Loss of distal interphalangeal joint flexion. (Ulnar paradox?, and median nerve palsy?)

Question 32

What is a positive sign in the Wartenberg test?

Answer 32

Little finger abduction at rest, indicating ulnar nerve dysfunction.

Question 33

What hand posture results from median and ulnar nerve injury?

Answer 33

Total claw hand. (Lower trunk lesion)

Question 34

Which nerve injury affects the extensor pollicis longus?

Answer 34

Posterior interosseous nerve.

Question 35

What clinical sign suggests anterior interosseous nerve palsy?

Answer 35

Inability to make an OK sign.

Question 36

Which nerve injury is associated with scapular winging?

Answer 36

Long thoracic nerve.

Question 37

What are the symptoms of Guyon's canal syndrome?

Answer 37

Ulnar nerve compression: sensory loss in ulnar fingers and motor weakness.

Question 38

What muscle flexes the DIP joints of fingers 2-5?

Answer 38

Flexor digitorum profundus.

Question 39

Which test is used for diagnosing De Quervain's tenosynovitis?

Answer 39

Finkelstein's test.

Question 40

Which hand structure is affected in Dupuytren’s contracture?

Answer 40

Palmar fascia.

Question 41

What are the signs of flexor tendon injury?

Answer 41

Inability to flex the affected finger joints.

Question 42

What are the intrinsic minus hand features?

Answer 42

Hyperextension at MCP joints, flexion at IP joints.

Question 43

What structure passes through the carpal tunnel?

Answer 43

Median nerve and flexor tendons.

Question 44

What is the sensory distribution of the radial nerve?

Answer 44

Dorsal aspect of the hand (lateral 3.5 fingers, excluding fingertips).

Question 45

Which nerve innervates the brachioradialis muscle?

Answer 45

Radial nerve.

Question 46

What deformity is typical of mallet finger?

Answer 46

Inability to extend the DIP joint.

Question 47

Which tendon injury leads to boutonniere deformity?

Answer 47

Central slip of the extensor tendon.

Question 48

What causes swan-neck deformity?

Answer 48

Volar plate laxity or imbalance of flexor/extensor forces.

Question 49

What nerve is affected in pronator teres syndrome?

Answer 49

Median nerve.

Question 50

What injury causes Volkmann’s contracture?

Answer 50

Ischemic injury to forearm muscles, typically from compartment syndrome.