Upper Limb Injuries

Question 1

What is the most common type of shoulder dislocation?

Answer 1

Anterior shoulder dislocation.

Question 2

Which nerve injury is associated with anterior shoulder dislocation?

Answer 2

Axillary nerve injury.

Question 3

What lesions are associated with anterior shoulder dislocation?

Answer 3

Bankart lesion and Hill Sachs lesion.

Question 4

What imaging views are used to diagnose shoulder dislocation?

Answer 4

True AP, scapula Y view, axillary view, West Point view, Stryker view.

Question 5

What is the initial management of anterior shoulder dislocation?

Answer 5

Reduction using Hyppocrates, Milch, Stimson, Kocher techniques or traction-countertraction.

Question 6

What is the typical mechanism causing clavicle fracture?

Answer 6

Fall on outstretched hand or direct blow to the clavicle.

Question 7

Which classification is used for clavicle fractures?

Answer 7

Allman’s classification with Neer’s modification.

Question 8

What is a floating shoulder?

Answer 8

Fracture of clavicle and scapular neck.

Question 9

When is ORIF indicated in clavicle fracture?

Answer 9

Polytrauma, neurovascular injury, skin tenting, floating shoulder, severe displacement.

Question 10

What injury is associated with scapulothoracic dissociation?

Answer 10

Brachial plexus and subclavian artery injury.

Question 11

What is the mortality rate associated with scapulothoracic dissociation?

Answer 11

10% mortality.

Question 12

How common are scapular fractures?

Answer 12

1% of all fractures.

Question 13

What is the most common site of scapular fracture?

Answer 13

Body of scapula.

Question 14

What is the common cause of proximal humerus fracture?

Answer 14

Low energy trauma in elderly.

Question 15

What nerve is at risk in proximal humerus fracture?

Answer 15

Axillary nerve.

Question 16

What type of fracture is associated with Holstein-Lewis fracture?

Answer 16

Spiral fracture at junction of upper 2/3 and lower 1/3 of humerus with radial nerve injury.

Question 17

What is the most common complication of mid-shaft humerus fracture?

Answer 17

Radial nerve palsy (wrist drop).

Question 18

What is Seddon’s classification of nerve injury?

Answer 18

Neuropraxia, axonotmesis, neurotmesis.

Question 19

What mechanism causes paediatric supracondylar humerus fracture?

Answer 19

Fall on outstretched hand (FOOSH).

Question 20

Which nerve is commonly injured in supracondylar fracture?

Answer 20

Anterior interosseous nerve (AIN).

Question 21

What is Gartland classification used for?

Answer 21

Classifying supracondylar fractures of the humerus.

Question 22

What is the most common direction of elbow dislocation?

Answer 22

Posterolateral dislocation.

Question 23

What injuries comprise the terrible triad of elbow?

Answer 23

Elbow dislocation, radial head fracture, coronoid process fracture.

Question 24

What is a Galeazzi fracture?

Answer 24

Distal radial shaft fracture with DRUJ disruption.

Question 25

What is a Monteggia fracture?

Answer 25

Proximal ulna fracture with radial head dislocation.

Question 26

What is Colles’ fracture?

Answer 26

Extra-articular distal radius fracture with dorsal displacement.

Question 27

What is Smith's fracture?

Answer 27

Extra-articular distal radius fracture with volar displacement.

Question 28

What is a Chauffeur’s fracture?

Answer 28

Radial styloid fracture.

Question 29

What is a Die punch fracture?

Answer 29

Depressed fracture of lunate fossa of distal radius.

Question 30

Which classification is used for distal radius fractures?

Answer 30

Frykmann classification.

Question 31

What deformity is associated with Colles’ fracture?

Answer 31

Dinner fork deformity.

Question 32

Which carpal bone is most commonly fractured?

Answer 32

Scaphoid.

Question 33

What imaging is required for suspected scaphoid fracture?

Answer 33

Scaphoid series radiograph.

Question 34

What is the complication of proximal scaphoid fracture?

Answer 34

Avascular necrosis.

Question 35

What is the most common type of metacarpal fracture?

Answer 35

5th metacarpal neck fracture (Boxer’s fracture).

Question 36

What radiographic sign indicates perilunate dislocation?

Answer 36

Spilled teacup sign.

Question 37

What mechanism commonly causes scaphoid fracture?

Answer 37

Fall on hyper-extended, ulnar-deviated wrist.

Question 38

What is important to assess in MCB fractures?

Answer 38

No malrotation or articular displacement.

Question 39

Which ligament fails first in elbow dislocation?

Answer 39

Lateral collateral ligament (LCL).

Question 40

What view shows lightbulb sign in posterior shoulder dislocation?

Answer 40

AP view.

Question 41

What PE finding suggests posterior shoulder dislocation?

Answer 41

Fullness over posterior shoulder with fixed internal rotation.

Question 42

How to manage a stable elbow after dislocation?

Answer 42

Immobilization followed by physiotherapy.

Question 43

What type of force causes posterior shoulder dislocation?

Answer 43

Forceful internal rotation during seizure or electric shock.

Question 44

When is ORIF indicated in scapular fractures?

Answer 44

In glenohumeral instability or floating shoulder.

Question 45

What complication arises from percutaneous pinning in supracondylar fractures?

Answer 45

Ulnar nerve injury.

Question 46

Which artery is at risk in scapulothoracic dissociation?

Answer 46

Subclavian artery.

Question 47

What imaging views are important for scapular fracture?

Answer 47

Scapular Y view and axillary view.

Question 48

How is a Monteggia fracture treated?

Answer 48

ORIF of ulna and reduction of radial head dislocation.

Question 49

How is a Galeazzi fracture treated?

Answer 49

ORIF of radius and stabilization of DRUJ.