Hematology Flashcards by Michelle Sohn

The initial Hgb value during active bleeding may be

normal; it takes approx 24 hours after hemorrhage for CBC to show true H/H.

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s/s of Vitamin B12 deficiency

peripheral neuropathy, ataxia, impaired memory, dementia

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a cancer of the b cells

Hodgkin’s lymphoma

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risk factors for Hodgkin’s lymphoma

age 20-40 or older than 60, white, male

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s/s of Hodgkin’s lymphoma

night sweat, fever, pain with ingestion of alcohol, painless enlarged neck lymph nodes, anorexia

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A cancer of B cells and killer cells

Non-Hodgkin lymphoma

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risk factor for Non-Hodgkin lymphoma

greater than 60 years old

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which lymphoma has worse prognosis

non-hodgkin

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a cancer of the plasma cells

multiple myeloma

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s/s of multiple myeloma

fatigue, weakness, and bone pain in back or chest

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diagnostic findings in multiple myeloma

proteinuria with Bence-Jones protein, hypercalcemia, normocytic anemia

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thrombocytopenia is

platelet less than 150,000

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normal platelet count

150,000 - 450,000

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bruising in children

normal if in distal upper and lower extremities. Abnormal if accompanied by petechiae/purpura, large hematomas

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Normal H&H in males

Hgb: 14-18
Hct: 42-52%

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Normal H&H in females

Hgb: 12-16
Hct: 37-47%

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Hgb in those who live in high-altitude areas are

elevated (secondary polycythemia)

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a measure of the avg color of the RBC in a sample of blood

MCHC

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A measure of available transferrin that is left unbound to iron

TIBC

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TIBC is elevated in ____

iron deficiency anemia b/c there is not enough iron for transport

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labs in thalassemia

low H&H, low MCV, low MCHC, low MCH, normal TIBC, high RDW, normal ferritin

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Most sensitive test for iron deficiency anemia

serum ferritin

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measure of the variability of the size of RBC

RDW

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reticulocytes are immature RBCs that still have ____; they mature into RBC in

nuclei; 24 hours

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reticulocytosis occurs after

supplementation of iron, vit B12, folate, acute bleeding, hemolysis, leukemia

poikilocytosis is seen with

severe iron deficiency anemia

Types of microcytic anemia

iron deficiency, thalassemia, sideroblastic

Types of macrocytic anemia

vitamin B12, folate deficiency, pernicious

Types of normocytic anemia

anemia of chronic disease, sickle cell, aplastic, hemolytic

gold standard test to diagnose for sickle cell and thalassemia

hemoglobin electrophoresis

causes of secondary polycythemia

chronic smokers, COPD, residents of high-altitude

s/s of iron deficiency anemia

fatigue, pallor, glossitis (shiny red tongue), angular chelitis (irritated fissures at corners of mouth), pica.

most common cause of iron deficiency anemia

blood loss

labs in iron deficiency anemia

low H&H, low MCV, low MCHC/MCH, low ferritin, low iron, high TIBC, high RDW

Diagnostic test for pernicious anemia

high antiparietal antibodies

anemia in those with chronic disease or inflammatory disease such as RA

normocytic anemia

Howell-Jolly bodies seen in

sickle cell anemia

trx for iron deficiency anemia

ferrous sulfate 325 mg TID between meals x3-6 months

examples of iron rich foods

red meat, black beans, green leafy veggies

avoid taking iron supplements with

antacids, dairy, quinolones, tetracyclines

A genetic disorder in which the bone marrow produces abnormal hgb

thalassemia

Alpha thalassemia is more common in

Chinese, filipinos, thai

beta thalassemia is more common in

Mediterranean's

trx for thalassemia minor

none

it compliant patient with iron deficiency anemia has failure to respond, then consider

thalassemia, malabsorption (Celiac)

Educate about iron poisoning in children less than

6 years old

destruction of all blood cells caused by either radiation, viral infection, adverse rx to drug

aplastic anemia

gold standard diagnostic for aplastic anemia

bone marrow aspiration

an autoimmune disorder caused by destruction of parietal cells in the fundus resulting in loss of intrinsic factor production

pernicious anemia

This is needed to absorb vitamin B12

intrinsic factor

causes of vitamin B12 deficiency

pernicious anemia, vegans, alcoholics

diet sources of vitamin B12

meat, poultry, eggs, milk, cheese

s/s of pernicious anemia

peripheral neuropathy, difficulty in fine motor skills, abnormal Romberg, decreased reflexes

treatment for perncious anemia

lifetime vit B12 (injection, nasal spray, oral)

diagnostic for pernicious anemia

decreased B12; decreased folate, positive antiparietal antibody

drugs that can cause folate deficiency anemia

dilantin, TMP-SMZ, methotrexate

labs in folate deficiency anemia

low H&H, high MCV, low folate

food high in folate

green leafy veggies, grains, beans

trx for folate deficiency anemia

folic acid 1-5 mg per day

sickle cell anemia is passed by

genetics (autosomal recessive)

Screening test for sickle cell disease

Sickledex, but diagnosed by hemoglobin electrophoresis

When evaluating a patient with high MCV (macrocytic), next step is to

order folate and vitamin B12

Sideroblastic anemia is a lead level of

greater than 10

G6PD is passed down as

x-linked recessive

meds to avoid with G6PD deficiency

antimalarials, sulfa, aspirin, nitrofurantoin, Bactrim

meds that an cause vitamin B12 deficiency

cochicine, PPI, biguanide

treatment for neonatal hyperbilirubinemia

increase breastfeeding, phototherapy

cause of neonatal hyperbilirubinemia

High levels of unconjugated bilirubin d/t Hgb breakdown and inability of liver to excrete

Rh incompatibility occurs when a Rh ____ mother has a Rh ____ infant

negative; positive

this vaccine should be given in those undergoing a splenectomy

pneumonia 2 weeks prior

most common congenital bleeding disorder

Von Willebrand's

labs for von willebrand's

normal CBC, PT/PTT/INR; | test for factor VIII and vWF

labs in hemophilia

normal PT/PTT/INR; | aPTT prolonged

labs in acute lymphocytic leukemia

VERY high WBCs (blast cells), low RBC, low platelets

hallmark of chronic myelocytic leukemia (CML)

Philadelphia chromosome

most common s/s of CML

splenomegaly

diagnosis of Hodgkin lymphoma

presence of Reed-Sternberg cells

during a viral infection, a CBC will have

neutrophil (poly) and lymphocytes will be close in number

monocytes become elevated when

patient has been sick for more than 24 hours

during a bacterial infection, a CBC will have

high WBC; neutrophil (poly) and lymphocytes will be far apart in number

Hematology Flashcards

(80 cards)