Neuro Flashcards by Michelle Sohn

these people are most likely to have a secondary headache

age greater than 40

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

most common presenting symptoms of brain tumor in adults

headache, seizures

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

red flags in history for someone with headache

sudden onset, “first or worst headache”, fever, change in LOC

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

red flags in physical exam for someone with headache

age older than 40, neck stiffness, neuro deficits, papilledema

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

papilledema is the swelling of the

optic disc

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

CT is ordered to look at

“hard things” like bone

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

MRI is ordered to look at

soft tissue

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

characteristics of migraine headache

POUND:
pulsatile
One day duration (4-72 hours)
unilateral
N/V, photophobia
Disabling causing interruption in daily activities

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

characteristics of tension headache

bilateral, tightness/pressure/bandlike, may continue daily activities

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

characteristics of cluster headache

unilateral, excruciating pain that peaks and lasts 30-90 min, unilateral conjunctiva/tearing or rhinorrhea

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

s/s of temporal arteritis

jaw claudication, fever, visual loss, pain in temporal area

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

s/s of pseudotumor cerebrii

transient visual changes, intracranial noise

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

MOA of triptans

cause cerebral artery constriction

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

caution when giving triptans in those with

CAD- can cause coronary artery constriction

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

s/s of migraine with aura

hyperosmia, blurred vision, metallic taste in mouth

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

common triggers of migraines

stress, menses, skipping meals, weather, sleep, odors, ETOH, smoking, foods

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

prophylaxis meds for migraines

beta blockers, topiramate, Depakote

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

migraine with and without aura increases risk of

ischemic stroke

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

absolute contraindication in women with migraine with aura

oral contraceptive use

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Women with migraines can have OCP if they meet these criteria

less than 35 years old, have migraine without aura, no risk factors for stroke.

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

triptan education

can cause rebound headaches with overuse

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

s/s of trigeminal neuralgia

sharp, piercing, unilateral facial pain

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

trigeminal neuralgia involves the

5th cranial nerve

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

most important risk factor for temporal arteritis

aging (average age is 72)

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

temporal arteritis is closely linked to

polymyalgia rheumatica

Bell's palsy affects cranial nerve

7 (facial)

s/s of Bell's palsy

unilateral droopy eye, facial paralysis or weakness, drooping mouth

duration of bell's palsy

1-3 weeks

management of bell's palsy

EYE protection with lubrication and patch

peripheral vertigo involves the

vestibular system

central vertigo involves the

brainstem or cerebellum

s/s of peripheral vertigo

severe vertigo, N/V, lasting less than 1 min; precipitated with positional changes

s/s of central vertigo

severe vertigo that is long lasting, prolonged nystagmus, impaired gait,

most common causes of peripheral vertigo

BPPV, Meniere's disease, vestibular neuritis

trx of vertigo

antihistamines, benzos

characteristics of parkinson's

resting tremor, bradykinesia, rigidity

side effects of levodopa

nausea, dizziness, confusion, hallucinations, orthostatic hypotension

s/s of essential tremor

bilateral tremor of hands, arms, head, voice, chin, lip

essential tremor rarely involves

the lower extremities

essential tremor is more apparent with

goal directed movements

patients report that this makes essential tremor better

alcohol

trx for essential tremor

propranolol or primidone

autoimmune disease characterized by weakness in ocular, limb, and respiratory muscles

myasthenia gravis

trx for mild cognitive impairment

No med trx, just exercise

New name for dementia

major neurocognitive disorder

behavior disturbances that accompany dementia

restlessness, wandering, agitation, difficulty concentrating

how to diagnose dementia

no labs or imaging; MMSE test

this score on MMSE indicates dementia

less than 24

differential diagnosis with dementia

meds (anticholinergics, sedatives, analgesics), stroke, depression

labs to order with dementia

CBC, CMP, vitamin B12, folate, TSH

CN I

olfactory- smell

CN II

optic - vision

CN III

occulomotor - eye movements

CN IV

trochlear- downward, internal rotation of the eye

CN V

trigeminal- sensation to face, jaw movement

CN VI

abducens- lateral deviation of eye

CN VII

facial- facial muscle, taste

CN VIII

vestibulocochlear- balance, hearing

CN IX

glossopharyngeal- movement of pharynx

CN X

vagus- gag reflex

CN XI

spinal accessory- sternomastoid and trapezius muscle

CN XII

hypoglossal- movement of tongue

mnemonic for cranial nerve

On Old Olympus's Towering Tops A Finn and German Viewed Some Hops

Patellar reflex measures

L2-L4

Achilles reflex measures

L5-S2

biceps reflex measures

C5-C6

triceps reflex measures

C6-C7

nuchal rigidity

when the patient cannot touch chest with chin; positive in meningitis

s/s of polymyalgia rheumatica

morning stiffness and aching in shoulders, neck, hips, and torso.