Derm Flashcards
1
Q
First appears high fever (103-105), headache, red eyes, and N/V, then on 3rd day a rash erupts on hands and feet and spreads to trunk.
A
Rocky mountain spotted fever
2
Q
dry, round, and red-colored lesions with a rough texture and don’t heal; common in sun-exposed areas
A
actinic keratosis
3
Q
Precursor for squamous cell carinoma
A
actinic keratosis
4
Q
s/s of meningitis
A
sore throat, cough, fever, headache, stiff neck, photophobia, changes in LOC
5
Q
rash in meningitis
A
petechial rash to axilla, flanks, wrist, and ankles
6
Q
trx for close contacts of those with meningitis
A
rifampin
7
Q
This rash appears within 7-14 days after a deer tick bite
A
bulls-eye rash in Lyme disease
8
Q
If a vesicular rash appears on nose, then
A
assume it is shingles until proven otherwise
9
Q
s/s of melanoma
A
Asymmetry, border irregularity, color is dark, diameter is greater than 6 mm, enlargement or change in size
10
Q
basal cell carcinoma
A
pearly or waxy skin lesion that can bleed easily
11
Q
most common type of melanoma in blacks and asians
A
acral lentiginous melanoma
12
Q
acral lentiginous melanoma
A
black lesions on nailbeds, palmar and plantar surfaces
13
Q
A hematoma that involves _____ of the nail has a high risk of ischemic damage to the nail matrix
A
more than 25%
14
Q
treatment for subungual hematoma
A
burn a 18 gauge needle and push 3-4 mm into nail and drain
15
Q
classic lesions appear bulls-eye like but can range from hives, blisters, petechia/purpura, and hemorrhagic lesions that are painful
A
Steven Johnson syndrome
16
Q
drug classes associated with SJS
A
PCN, sulfa, barbiturates, dilantin
17
Q
HIV infected patients have a very high risk of SJS due to
A
TMP/SMZ
18
Q
Bulla is seen in
A
SJS, impetigo, second degree burns
19
Q
soft and round wart-like fleshy growths mostly on the trunk or back
A
seborrheic keratoses
20
Q
raised and yellow-colored soft plaques that are located under the brow or upper and lower lids of the eyes
A
xanthelasma
21
Q
may be a sign of hyperlipidemia if seen in those less than 40
A
xanthelasma
22
Q
brown to tan colored stains located on the upper cheeks and forehead in women who are pregnant or on OCP
A
melasma
23
Q
another name for moles
A
nevi
24
Q
inherited skin disorder that results in extremely dry skin
A
xerosis
25
velvet thickening of the skin behind the neck
acanthosis nigracans
26
avoid steroids in these cases because it will worsen the infeciton
fungal infection
27
What in use in infants, children, and adults with thin facial skin
0.5-1% hydrocortisone
28
an inherited skin disorder in which squamous epithelial cells undergo rapid mitotic division and abnormal maturation
psoriasis
29
pinpoint areas of bleeding remain in the skin when a plaque is removed
auspitz sign
30
black box warning with topical tacrolimus for psoriasis
malignancy (skin and lymphoma)
31
treatment for actinic keratosis
cryotherapy; fluorouracil cream 5%
32
superficial skin infection caused by yeasts Pityrosporum orbiculare or Pityrosporum ovale
tinea versicolor
33
diagnostic for tinea versicolor
KOH slide shows hyphae and spores
34
trx for tinea versicolor
topical selenium sulfide or ketoconazole cream bid x 2 weeks
35
s/s of atopic dermatitis (eczema)
extremely pruritic rashes on hands, flexural surfaces and neck
36
classic rash of atopic dermatitis (eczema)
multiple small vesicles that rupture and weep; then they become lichenified d/t constant itching
37
trx for atopic dermatitis (eczema)
hydrocortisone 1 to 2.5%; triamcinolone
38
treatment for contact dermatitis
calamine lotion; oatmeal baths; Aveeno;
| Severe: oral prednisone tape 12-14 days
39
treatment of candidiasis intertrigo
Nystatin powder bid
40
treatment of HIV esophageal Candida infections
fluconazole
41
treatment for clenched fist injury
refer to ER d/t high risk of infection to bone
42
several boils that coalesce to form a large boil or abscess
carbuncle
43
trx for non-MRSA nonpurulent cellulitis
dicloxacillin QID x 10 days; macrolides for PCN allergy
44
trx for cellulitis
Bactrim DS, doxycycline, or clindamycin x 10 days
45
large and hot indurated red skin lesion located on shins or cheeks; caused by Staph aureus
erypsipelas
46
treatment for human or animal bites
augmentin x 10 days; clindamycin + fluoroquinolone for PCN allergy
47
wounds that stay open
puncture wounds, cat bites, wounds > 12 hours old (24 hours for face)
48
infection caused by Staph aureus to sebaceous glands of axilla that becomes chronic
hidradenitis suppurativa
49
trx for hidradenitis suppurativa
Augmentin or dicloxacillin x 10 days
50
acute superficial infection by strep pyogenes or S. aureus that is very contagious and pruritic; common in warm and humid weather
impetigo
51
trx for impetigo
cephalexin or dicloxacillin x 10 days; mupiricon ointment
52
Caused by Borrelia burgdorferi
Lyme disease
53
trx for lyme disease
doxycycline bid or tetracycline x 14 days
54
caused by Rickettsia rickettsii
rocky mountain spotted fever
55
trx for rocky mountain spotted fever
doxycycline bid x 21 days; refer stat
56
how long is chickenpox contagious
1-2 days before onset of rash until the lesions have crusted over
57
how long is shingles contagious
from the onset of rash until the lesions have crusted over
58
duration of shingles
2-4 weeks
59
labs for shingles
viral culture, PCR for ZDV
60
meds for shingles
acyclovir 5x/day or valacyclovir bid x 10 days for initial breakout and 7 days for flare ups
61
most serious complication of shingles
post hereptic neuralgia
62
trx for post hereptic neuralgia
tricyclic antidepressants, anticonvulsants, or gabapentin
63
for those with varicella vaccine
they can still get shingles but it will be a more mild disease than those who have been unvaccinated
64
shingles vaccine
for those 60 and older
65
extremely painful red bumps/blisters on sides of finger or cuticle area
herpetic whitlow
66
cause of herpetic whitlow
direct contact with cold sore or genital herpes lesion
67
bacterial infection of the nail folds
paronychia
68
causes of paronychia
S. aureus, streptococci, or pseudomonas
69
trx for paronychia
soak finger in warm water for 20 min 3x/day; apply mupiricin ointment after soaking; drain if abscess present
70
salmon-colored oval scaly lesions on cleavage line or a "christmas tree" pattern
pityriasis rosea
71
course of pityrisasis rosea
lasts 2-4 weeks, self-limiting
72
s/s of scabies
itching in webs of hands, axilla, breasts, waist, genital; itching worse at bedtime
73
trx for scabies
permethrin 5% cream; apply head to toe and wash off in 8-14 hours; wash all clothes/linen used in the past 3 days
74
itching duration with scabies
may persist for up to 2-4 weeks
75
trx for tinea infections
terconazole cream bid
76
s/s of tinea capitis
children with scaly patches and alopecia
77
trx for tinea capitis
griseofulvin bid x 6-12 weeks (check baseline LFTs and repeat in 2 weeks)
78
"sandpaper" rash with sore throat
scarlet fever
79
hypopigmented round to oval macular rashes on upper shoulders/back that is not itchy
tinea versicolor
80
smooth papules 5 mm in size that are dome-shaped with a central "plug"
molluscum contagiosum
81
tinea cruris
jock itch
82
topical trx for mild acne
RetinA 0.25% cream every other day at bedtime for 2-3 weeks, then daily;
benzyl peroxide and erythromycin (Benzamycin) cream
83
tetracyclines can be given for acne starting at age
13
84
complication of tetracycline for acne
permanent discoloration of tooth enamel; decrease effectiveness of OCP
85
guidelines for isotretinoin (Accutane)
category X; patient must sign consent, enroll in pregnancy prevention program, use 2 forms of contraception, only monthly supplies, must do pregnancy test monthly.
86
light skinned individual c/o acne-like pustules around nose, mouth, and chin; may blush easily; red-eyes/blepharitis
rosacea
87
trx for rosacea
No cure. metronidazole topical gel; azelaic acid gel; low dose tetracycline or minocycline
88
trx for first degree burns
cold packs for 24-48 hours
89
burn that is red colored skin with superficial blisters (bullae)
second degree burn
90
trx for second degree (partial thickness) burns
cleanse with mild soap and water. DO NOT rupture blisters. Trx with silvadene and apply dressing.
91
refer for these kinds of burns
third degree burns, facial burns, electrical burns, burns on ears or nose, burns greater than 10% BSA.
92
rule of nines for adult burns
each arm and head is 9%;
| each leg, anterior trunk, and posterior trunk is 18%
93
caused by Bacillus anthracis
Anthrax
94
three types of anthrax
cutaneous, GI, and pulmonary (bioterrorism)
95
postexposure prophylaxis for anthrax
ciprofloxacin 500 mg bid x 60 days
96
inhalation or ingestion of this can cause respiratory distress and organ failure in 6-8 hours; no known antidote
ricin toxin (from castor beans)
97
difference between erypsipelas and cellulitis
erypsipelas only affects superficial layer of skin; cellulitis affects the deeper layers of the skin
98
treatment for lice
permethrin 1% apply to dry hair x 10 min, may repeat in 2 weeks
99
multiple papules and pustules on lower back and buttocks that do not itch or cause pain.
folliculitis
100
This atbx has poor staph coverage
PCN
101
transmission of shingles
you cannot transmit shingles to another person, but you can transmit chickenpox
102
anti-inflammatory effect of NSAIDs
need to use 600-800 mg to reach anti-inflammatory effect; less than 600 is for analgesic effect.
103
trx for post-herpetic neuralgia
TCA, gabapentin, Lyrica
104
Shingles vaccine is for
those age 60 and older
105
organisms involved in cat, dog, and human bites
pasturella, staph, streptococcus
106
how long to give atbx for bites
for prophylactic: 3-5 days;
| for treating infection: 7-10 days
107
application tips for antifungal creams
apply 1-2 inches beyond the rash,
treat for 1-2 weeks,
treat 1-2 weeks after resolution to prevent recurrence
108
fungal infections are usually always
superficial infections; which is why topical agents are effective
109
most effective trx for onychomycosis
oral terbinafine for 6-12 weeks
110
s/s of lupus
fatigue, joint aches, butterfly rash
111
diagnostic for lupus
high ANA
112
common sites for basal cell carcinoma
head and neck
113
disease associated with seborrheic dermatitis
parkinson's
114
least potent to most potent topicals
lotion, cream, gel, ointment
115
best delivery of a topical steroid in an elderly person with thin skin
lotion (least potent)
116
herpangina is caused by
coxsackie A virus
117
rash with measles (rubeola)
brick red rash that starts on head and spreads down to extremities
118
rash with roseola (exanthem subitum)
high fever for 2-4 days, then fever stops and rash appears
119
s/s of herpangina
painful vesicles on soft palate and mouth
120
important education with Fifth's disease
avoid contact with pregnant women, can cause fetal death
121
usual age at which roseola is diagnosed
7-13 months
122
s/s of measles (rubeola)
"three C's": conjunctivitis, coryza (runny nose), cough; Koplik spots
123
grain of sand appearance in oral mucosa
Koplik spots in measles
