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Hematology Flashcards

(70 cards)

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1
Q

[RBC Stages]

synthesis of hemoglobin starts

A

Proerythroblast

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2
Q

[RBC Stages]

nucleoli disappear

A

Basophilic erythroblast

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3
Q

[RBC Stages]

hemoglobin appears

A

Polychromatic erythroblast

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4
Q

[RBC Stages]

Nucleus disappears

A

Orthochromatic erythroblast

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5
Q

[RBC Stages]

stage that enters blood

A

Reticulocytes

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6
Q

[RBC Stages]

reticulum disappears, final product

A

erythrocyte

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7
Q

[Innate/Adaptive]

non-specific, no memory

A

Innate Immunity

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8
Q

[Innate/Adaptive]

faster, acts within minutes

A

Innate immunity

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9
Q

[Innate/Adaptive]

activated by classical pathway

A

adaptive immunity

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10
Q

[Innate/Adaptive]

improves after each repeated exposure, more portent

A

adaptive immunity

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11
Q

___ refers to the non-cellular part of the blood; where cells are suspended

A

plasma

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12
Q

____ refers to plasma without the clotting proteins; has a higher serotonin content

A

serum

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13
Q

[Name the protein]

binds and carries hormones, AA, steroids, vitamins , FA; osmotic regulator

A

albumin

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14
Q

[Name the protein]

protease inhibitor of intrinsic coagulation system

A

antithrombin III

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15
Q

[Name the protein]

transports copper

A

Ceruloplasmin

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16
Q

[Name the protein]

transports cell-free hemoglobin

A

Haptoglobin

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17
Q

[Name the protein]

binds to porphyrins particularly heme for heme recyling

A

hemopexin

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18
Q

[Name the protein]

transport of iron

A

transferrin

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19
Q

[Name the protein]

inhibits blood clotting

A

Antithrombin C, protein C

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20
Q

[Name the protein]

carrier protein for steroids in bloodstream

A

Steroid hormone-binding protein

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21
Q

Site of fetal blood cell formation during the first trimester

A
  1. Yolk sac or

2. Aortic gonad mesonephros

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22
Q

Site of fetal blood cell formation during the second trimester

A

liver

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23
Q

Site of blood cell formation during birth to puberty

A

Bone marrow of all bones

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24
Q

Site of blood cell formation at age 20 and above

A

Bone marrow of centrally-located bones

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25
[RBC Parameter] protein inside RBC that binds with O2
Hemoglobin
26
[RBC Parameter] percentage of cells in whole blood
hematocrit
27
What is the primary mechanism for the change in RBC shape during sickle cell crisis
Polymerization of HbS as it deoxygenated
28
Protoporphyrin IX + Fe++ gives you
heme
29
What are the types of adaptive immunity?
1. Humoral = B lymphocytes | 2. Cell mediated = T lymphocytes
30
What adaptive immune response is active against extracellular microbes and toxin induced diseases?
Humoral = B cells
31
What adaptive immune response is active against intracellular microbes like viruses, leishmania, mycobacteria, listeria
Cell mediated
32
The cells of the humoral immunity is located in which part of the LN
superficial cortex
33
The cells of the humoral immunity is located in which part of the spleen
white pulp paracortical = periarteriolar = T lymphocytes
34
The cells of the cell mediated immunity is located in which part of the LN
Paracortical paracortical = periarteriolar = T lymphocytes
35
The cells of the cell mediated immunity is located in which part of the spleen
periarteriolar
36
B cells differentiate into antibody secreting cells called ____
plasma cells
37
What is/are the type/s of hypersensitivity reactions that are under the humoral immunity?
Type I Type II Type III
38
To synthesize antibody from plasma cells, it required these 3 other cells namely ____
1. T Lymphocyte 2. B lymphocyte 3. Macrophage
39
Which branch of the adaptive immunity is tested during skin testing to know the presence of hypersensitivity?
1. Cell-mediated
40
Most common type of cell in the innate immunity
Neutrophil = highly lobulated
41
[Cells of the innate immune system] bilobes, stain bright red with eosin dye involved in parasitic infections
Eosinophils
42
[Cells of the innate immune system] bilobed, basophilic involved in histamine , heparin, bradykinin, serotonin production
Basophils
43
What cell of the innate immunity produces clinical manifestations of allergy to anaphylaxis?
mast cell
44
[Cells of the innate immune system] largest of WBC
monocytes
45
[Cells of the innate immune system] first line of defense, presents within minutes
Tissue macrophages
46
[Cells of the innate immune system] 2nd line of defense; starts migrating in response to inflammatory cytokines
neutrophils
47
[Cells of the innate immune system] 3rd line of defense
monocytes
48
[Immunoglobulin strucutre] determines the specificity to antigen
Variable portion
49
[Immunoglobulin strucutre] determines other properties of antibodies
Constant portion
50
What is the indirect effect of antibodies/immunoglobulins
Activation of complement system
51
[Type of Immunoglobulin] smallest, most numerous; responsible for secondary immune response
IgG
52
[Type of Immunoglobulin] largest, primary immune response
IgM
53
[Type of Immunoglobulin] Used for complement activation
IgG | IgM
54
[Type of Immunoglobulin] present in human milk, saliva, tears, respiratory tract, GIT, genital tract
IgA
55
[Type of Immunoglobulin] Regain reactivity; releases histamine from basophils and mast cells
IgE
56
What are the target of your complement system?
Ag-Ab complexes
57
What is the MOA of your membrane attack complex?
perforate foreign organism
58
What triggers the activation of the classic pathway?
immune complex
59
This complement system pathway is triggers by contact with viruses, bacteria, fungi and tumor cells
Alternative/Properdin pathway
60
What component of the complement system causes opsonization?
C3b
61
What component of the complement system induces inflammation (anaphylatoxin)?
C3a, C4a, C5a
62
What component of the complement system causes chemotaxis?
C5a
63
What component of the complement system compose the membrane attack complex?
C5b-C9
64
[Cells of Adaptive Immunity] stimulate cellular immunity (activated T cells)
TH1 Secretes IL12, gamma interferon
65
[Cells of Adaptive Immunity] interact with B cells in relation to humoral immunity
TH2 secretes IL4, IL5
66
[Cells of Adaptive Immunity] induced in response to bacterial infections; recruit neutrophils; generate harmful inflammatory responses
TH17 Secretes IL6, IL17
67
[Cells of Adaptive Immunity] dampen Tcell driven responses
Treg secretes IL10
68
This is the cytotoxic lymphocyte of the innate immune system
NK cell
69
What do you call the cytotoxic lymphocyte that has features of T lymphocytes and NK cell?
NKT cell
70
This cell refers to the activated naive B cel
plasma cell able to secrete Ab

Physiology (47 decks)

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