Hearing

Question 1

The human ear can hear between ____ Hz and a sound pressure during conversation of ___dB

Answer 1

20 to 20,000 Hz

Sound frequency = Hz; Sound Pressure = dB

Conversational Speech = 60dB
Limit to prevent occupational HL = 85dB

Question 2

_____ plays a role in sound localization and sound collection

Answer 2

Outer Ear

Question 3

The perilymph is seen in the scala ____ and scala _____ which is high in ____ (Na, K)

Answer 3

Scala vestibuli, Scala tympani, High in Na

Endolymph - Sccala media, high in K

Question 4

The sequence of the auditory ossicle up to its insertion. All these play a role in impedance matching

Answer 4

Malleus, incus, stapes, oval

Question 5

The depolarization of inner hair cells (in the scala media) is caused by the influx of _____.

Answer 5

Potassium.

Remember, the scala media has endolymph that is high in K compared to ICF

Question 6

Outer hair cell characteristics

1. Motor protein is prestin
2. Depolarization = (shortens or lengthens outer cell)
3. Hyperpolrization = (shortens or lengthens)
4. Damage results to reduced sound clarity

Answer 6

Depolarization shortens outer hair cells

Hyperpolarization lengthens outer hair cells

Question 7

The three perpendicular semicircular canals detect ____ acceleration

Answer 7

Angular

Horizontal acceleration - Utricle
Vertical acceleration - Saccule

Question 8

Depolarization in the hair cells of the vestibular system happens when the sterecilia (short) bends ____ (toward, away) the kinocilium (long)

Answer 8

Depolarization - towards kinocilium

Hyperpolarization - away from kinocilium

Question 9

Postrotatory Nystagmus is due to continued movement of endolymph on the SCC which occurs in ___ (same, opposite) direction of the head rotation.

Answer 9

Opposite.

Remember, Nystagmus - same direction as head rotation

Question 10

Human ear can hear ____ Hz

Answer 10

20-20,000 Hz

Question 11

conversational speech ___ dB

Answer 11

60 dB

Question 12

___ is the limit to prevent occupational hearing loss

Answer 12

85 dB

Question 13

___ dB triggers attenuation reflex

Answer 13

> 120 dB

Question 14

reflex contraction of the stapedius and tensor tympani is called ____

Answer 14

attenuation reflex

Question 15

[part of the ear]

sound localization and sound collection

Answer 15

outer ear

Question 16

The auditory ossicles insert to the __ window

Answer 16

oval

Question 17

[part of the ear]

plays a role in impedance matching

Answer 17

auditory ossicles

Question 18

the contraction of the tensor tympani and stapedius at >120dB pulls the

Malleus __ (inward/outward)

Answer 18

inward

Question 19

the contraction of the tensor tympani and stapedius at >120dB pulls the

stapes __ (inward/outward)

Answer 19

outward

Question 20

in attenuation reflex,

the malleus is pulled ___ (inward/outward)

while stapes is pulled ___ (inward/outward)

Answer 20

malleus pulled inward

stapes pulled outward

Question 21

[part of the ear]

the scala media contains __ lymph

Answer 21

endolymph

Question 22

[part of the ear]

the scala vestibuli contains ___ lymph

Answer 22

perilymph

Question 23

[part of the ear]

the scala tympani contains ___lymph

Answer 23

perilymph

Question 24

the endolymph is high in what ion

Answer 24

potassium

Question 25

the perilymph is high in what ion

Answer 25

sodium

Question 26

proper sequence of the auditory ossicles

Answer 26

malleus, incus, stapes

Question 27

[hearing physio: depolarization/hyperpolarization] Potassium entering the inner hair cell

Answer 27

depolarization

Question 28

[hearing physio: depolarization/hyperpolarization] bending of cilia on one direction

Answer 28

depolarization

Question 29

[hearing physio: depolarization/hyperpolarization] bending of cilia to the opposite direction

Answer 29

hyperpolarization

Question 30

the bending of the cilia on one direction causes the oscillating potential called

Answer 30

cochlear microphonic potential

Question 31

[hearing physio: depolarization/hyperpolarization] the shortening of the outer hair cells

Answer 31

depolarization

Question 32

the motor protein of the outer hair cell is called

Answer 32

prestin

Question 33

damage to the outer hair cells can lead to reduction of amplitude leading to:

Answer 33

reduction of sound clarity

Question 34

the oval and round window responds to ___ frequency sounds

Answer 34

high-frequency

Question 35

the helicotrema responds to __ frequency sounds

Answer 35

low frequency sounds

Question 36

occupational hearing loss is usually associated with ___ frequency sounds

Answer 36

high frequency sounds

Question 37

age-related hearing loss is usually associated with ___ frequency sounds

Answer 37

low frequency sounds

Question 38

[central auditory pathways] lesions of cochlea of one ear leads to

Answer 38

unilateral deafness

Question 39

[vestibular system] ____ detects angular acceleration

Answer 39

semicircular canals

Question 40

[vestibular system] __ detects the position of head in space

Answer 40

otolith organs

Question 41

[vestibular system] ___ detects horizontal (linear) acceleration

Answer 41

utricle

Question 42

[vestibular system] detects vertical (linear) acceleration

Answer 42

saccule

Question 43

[vestibular system] the receptors are also called

Answer 43

hair cells

Question 44

[vestibular system] single long cilium of hair cell

Answer 44

kinocilium

Question 45

[vestibular system] smaller cilia of hair cell

Answer 45

stereocilia

Question 46

[depolarization/hyperpolarization] stereocilia bends towards kinocilium

Answer 46

depolarization

Question 47

stereocilia bends away from kinocilium

Answer 47

hyperpolarization

Question 48

[when you rotate your head to the left] the endolymph moves to the ___ (right/left)

Answer 48

left

Question 49

[when you rotate your head to the left] the ___ (right/left) stereocilia moves towards the kinocilium

Answer 49

left

Question 50

[when you rotate your head to the left] the right stereocilia moves ___ (towards or away) the kinocilium

Answer 50

away

Question 51

[when you rotate your head to the left] the ___ (utricle/saccule) detects this movement

Answer 51

utricle = horizontal acceleration

Question 52

[when you rotate your head to the left] the ___ (semicircular canal) is activated

Answer 52

horizontal

Question 53

[when you rotate your head to the left] there is hyperpolarization in the ___ (right/left) stereocilia

Answer 53

right remember, when you turn left, the left stereocilia bends towards the left kinocilium. left depolarization. Right stereocilia moves away from the right kinocilium. right HYPERpolarization

Question 54

[nystagmus] when you tip the head sidewise, there is a ___ (veritcal, rotatory, horizontal)

Answer 54

vertical

Question 55

[nystagmus] rotatory nystagmus is produced when the head is tipped

Answer 55

forward

Question 56

[nystagmus] a nystagmus that occurs in opposite direction of the head rotation

Answer 56

postrotatory nystagmus

Question 57

[nystagmus] turning to the left causes right sided nystagmus

Answer 57

postrotatory nystagmus