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Physiology > Neuromuscular and Synaptic Transmission > Flashcards

Neuromuscular and Synaptic Transmission Flashcards

(73 cards)

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1
Q

[supporting cell]

tissue macrophage in the brain

A

microglia

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2
Q

[supporting cell]

myelin formation

A

oligodendrocyte

schwann cell

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3
Q

[supporting cell]

envelope synapses, helps form the BBB

A

astrocyte

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4
Q

[supporting cell]

astrocyte in the white matter

A

fibrous astrocyte

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5
Q

[supporting cell]

astrocytes in the gray matter with granular cytoplasm

A

protoplasmic astrocyte

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6
Q

[supporting cell]

maintain appropriate concentration of ions and NT

A

protoplasmic astrocyte

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7
Q

[parts of the neuron]

receiving portion

A

dendrite

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8
Q

[parts of the neuron]

initial segment; AP is generated

A

axon hillock

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9
Q

[parts of the neuron]

transmitting portion
has unmyelinated or myelinated

A

axon

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10
Q

[parts of the neuron]

unmyelinated, transmit electrical signal

A

nodes of ranvier

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11
Q

[parts of the neuron]

tip of axon

A

terminal buoton

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12
Q

[parts of the neuron]

part of the neuron that is a voltage gated Ca channel

A

terminal buoton

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13
Q

[parts of the neuron]

where organelles and nucleus are seen

A

cell body (soma)

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14
Q

[parts of the neuron]

unmyelinated portion of the axon

A

nodes of ranvier

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15
Q

[parts of the neuron]

branch of the axon

A

neural fibril

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16
Q

synaptic transmission is __ (orthodromic or antidromic)

A

orthodromic

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17
Q

[synaptic transmission]

synapse to axon transmission

A

orthodromic

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18
Q

[synaptic transmission]

axon to synapse transmission

A

antidromic

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19
Q

[synaptic transmission]

depolarizes postsynaptic cell, brings closer to threshold

A

EPSP

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20
Q

[synaptic transmission]

hyperpolarizes post synaptic cells due to Cl influx

A

IPSP

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21
Q

___ summation

2 or more excitatory inputs at rapid succession

A

Temporal

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22
Q

___ summation

2 or more excitatory inputs at the same time

A

spatial

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23
Q

[synaptic transmission]

endplate potential is caused by ___ influx

A

sodium

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24
Q

[synaptic transmission]

____ is caused by Cl influx, K efflux, closure of Na or Ca

A

IPSP

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25
[synaptic transmission] ___ is caused by Na influx, Ca Influx
Fast EPSP
26
[synaptic transmission] ___ is caused by K efflux
Slow EPSP
27
[synaptic transmission] ___ is caused by K efflux
presynaptic inhibition
28
examples of small molecules NTs
monoamines, catecholamines, amino acids
29
Examples of large molecules
neuropeptides (substance P, enkephalin, vasopressin)
30
[neurotransmitter] triggers REM sleep
acetylcholine
31
[neurotransmitter] decreased levels in huntington's, alzheimer's dementia
acetylcholine
32
[neurotransmitter] found in the the locus ceruleus of pons
norepinephrine
33
[neurotransmitter] neuroMODULATOR in the CNS neuroTRANSMITTER in the PNS
norepinephrine
34
[neurotransmitter] the half life is shorter compared to renin, aldosterone, corticosterone, and DHEA
norepinephrine
35
[neurotransmitter] primary NT from post-ganglionic sympathetic neurons
norepinephrine
36
[neurotransmitter] secreted by the adrenal medulla
epinephrine
37
[neurotransmitter] has greater beta 2 action than norepinephrine
epinephrine
38
[neurotransmitter] decreases the contraction of airway smooth muscle
epinephrine
39
[neurotransmitter] this is secreted to fine-tune movement
dopamine
40
[neurotransmitter] action of dopamine in D1 receptor
activate adenylate cyclase
41
[neurotransmitter] action of dopamine in D2 receptor
inhibit adenylate cyclase
42
increase in D2 can lead to
Schizophrenia
43
[neurotransmitter] produced in the median raphe of the brain stem
serotonin
44
[neurotransmitter] converted to melatonin
serotonin
45
[neurotransmitter] associated with depression
serotonin
46
[neurotransmitter] inhibitory NT, vasodilator
nitric oxide
47
[neurotransmitter] has arginine to citrulline as precursor
nitric oxide
48
[neurotransmitter] ___ is degraded before reuptake takes place
Ach
49
[neurotransmitter] dopamine in substantia nigra ___ movement
modulates
50
[neurotransmitter] dopamine in the hypothalamis ____ prolactin
inhibit
51
[neurotransmitter] main inhibitory NT of spinal cord
glycine
52
[neurotransmitter] main inhibitory NT of brain
GABA, glutamate
53
[neurotransmitter] GABAa increases ___ influx
Chloride
54
[neurotransmitter] GABAb increases ___ efflux
Potassium
55
[neurotransmitter] activates NMDA receptor
glutamate
56
[neurotransmitter] formed by the reactive amination of alpha ketoglutarate
glutamate
57
[neurotransmitter] inhibits pain perception
opioid peptide
58
[neurotransmitter] involved in fast pain and slow pain
glutamate | substance P
59
[neurotransmitter] locus ceruleus produces
NE
60
[neurotransmitter] phenylalanine derivatives
``` Phenylalanine Tyrosine L-dopamine Dopamine Norepinephrine Epinephrine T3/T4 Melanin ``` Pare True Love Does Noe Exist To Me
61
[neurotransmitter receptors] Metabotropic receptors utilizes these second messengers
IP3/DAG or cAMP
62
[neurotransmitter receptors] Examples of metabotropic receptor
GABAb, neurokinin, opioid receptor
63
[neurotransmitter receptors] examples of ion-channel linked receptor
GABAa, nicotinic receptor, NMDA receptor, Glycine receptor, ANP receptor, 5HT3 receptor
64
[neurotransmitter receptors] Ligand of GABAa
Cl
65
[neurotransmitter receptors] Ligand of nicotinic receptor
Na, K
66
[neurotransmitter receptors] Ligand of NMDA receptor
Ca
67
[neurotransmitter receptors] Ligand of glycine receptor
Cl
68
[neurotransmitter receptors] analgesia, diuresis, sedation, meiosis, dysphoria
kappa
69
[neurotransmitter receptors] site of action of morphone
Mu receptor
70
[neurotransmitter receptors] analgesia, respiratory depression, constipation, euphoria, sedation, meiosis, increased GH, prolactin
Mu
71
[neurotransmitter receptors] highest affinity for Mu receptors
endorphin
72
[neurotransmitter receptors] highest affinity for kappa receptors
enkephalin
73
[neurotransmitter receptors] highest affinity for delta receptors
dynorphin

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