Sensory Pathway Flashcards by Clyde Silverio

____ mediates the pain fibers from pelvis and spinal cord in a patient with gonorrhea

Substance P

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The neurotransmitters in the endogenous analgesia system

serotonin, epinephrine, NE

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According to Ganong, these are the chemicals and NTs involved in pain modulation

Serotonin - nucleus raphe magnum and spinal dorsal horn
NE - Locus Ceruleus
Morphine - Periaqueductal gray matter
Enkephalin - Spinal Dorsal Horn
Opioids - DRG

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Tactile receptors that are useful in 2 point discrimination

Merkel and Meissner

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___ pathway for touch sensation that require high degree of localization and fine gradation of intensity

Dorsal Column-Medial Lemniscus Pathway;

Spinothalamic Tract is for pain, temp, light touch, pressure, tickle

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Type ___ receptive field is smaller with well-defined borders, useful for 2-point discrimination

Type 1

Type 2 Receptive Field is wider but poorly-defined borders.

Remember: pointer finger pointing to something specific for type 1; while raising the middle finger for type 2

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This tactile receptor is used for heavy and sustain/steady pressure and to signal degree of joint rotation

Ruffini Corpuscles

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These fibers are found in both hairy and glaborous skin and deep tissues with a warmth threshold of 30degC and cold threshold of 24degC.

Type Adelta, Type C

Note: Cold receptors are inactive at <10degC

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____ converts environmental signals into neural signals

sensory receptors

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[type of sensory receptors]

unmyelinated, innervated by type A delta fibers and type C fibers

nocicepter

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[type of sensory receptors]

unmyelinated/lightly myelinated

innervated by typeA delta and Type C fibers

thermoreceptor

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the warmth threshold of the thermoreceptor is ____

30 degC

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the cold threshold of the thermoreceptor is ___

24 degC

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the cold receptors are inactive at

<10 deg C

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____ are examples of electromagnetic receptor

rods and cones

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depolarization in sensory receptor causes ____

receptor potential/generator potential

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[sensory receptor]

detects steady stimulus

slowly-adapting receptors (tonic receptors)

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[sensory receptor]

detects onset and offset stimulus, has a predictive function

rapidly-adapting receptors (phasic receptors)

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[receptive field]

smaller with well-defined borders

type 1

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[receptive field]

wider but with poorly-defined borders

type 2

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____ are skin regions controlled by each sensory neuron

receptive field

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[type of nerve fiber]

widest, most myelinated, fastest, accurate, precise, needs most energy

type A

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[type of nerve fiber]

unmyelinated, thinnest, less precise, less accurate

type C

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[type of nerve fiber: specific]

for proprioception, seen in muscle spindle afferents

A-alpha

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[type of nerve fiber: specific] for proprioception, seen in golgi tendon organs

A-alpha Ib

[type of nerve fiber: specific] for touch, pressure seen in secondary afferents of muscle spindles

A-beta II

[type of nerve fiber: specific] seen in intrafusal muscle fibers

A-gamma

[type of nerve fiber: specific] fast pain, temperature

A-delta

[type of nerve fiber: specific] seen in preganglionic autonomic fibers

[type of nerve fiber: specific] slow pain

C IV

[type of nerve fiber: specific] seen in postganglionic autonomic fibers

C | IV

[type of nerve fiber: specific] acute, electric pain

A-delta

[type of nerve fiber: specific] burning, aching, tickle, itch

C | IV

[which is more susceptible to...] hypoxia

B B>A>C

[which is more susceptible to...] pressure

A A>B>C

[which is more susceptible to...] local anesthetics

C C>B>A

[sensory receptor] First-order neuron

dorsal root or cranial nerve ganglia

[sensory receptor] second order neurons

spinal cord or brainstem axons may decussate

[sensory receptor] third-order neuron

relay nucleus of the thalamus

[sensory receptor] Fourth-order neuron

sensory cortex

[somatosensory pathway] for position sense and fine pressure

dorsal column medial lemniscus pathway

[somatosensory pathway] the decussation of the pathway for position sense and fine pressure is ___

near the medulla

[somatosensory pathway] the nerve fibers of the dorsal column-medial lemniscus pathway is ___

Type III large myelinated

[somatosensory pathway] this pathway is active in two-point discrimination

dorsal column-medial lemniscus pathway

[somatosensory pathway] this pathway uses smaller myelinated fibers (Type III, IV)

spinothalamic tract

[somatosensory pathway] the pathway for pain, temperature and light touch decussates at ___

immediately

[somatosensory pathway] this pathway is for the pain, temperature, light tough, tickle and itch

anterolateral spinothalamic

[tactile receptor] used in MOVING 2-point discrimination

meissner corpuscle

[tactile receptor] fast adapting, receptive field 1

meissner

[tactile receptor] used in steady 2-point discrimination

merkel disk

slow adapting, receptive field 1

merkel disk

[tactile receptor] used in 2-point discrimination

merkel (steady) | meissner (moving)

[tactile receptor] used to determine texture

merkel (steady) | meissner (moving)

[tactile receptor] slow acting, type 2

ruffini corpuscles

[tactile receptor] used for sustained steady pressure

ruffini corpuscles

[tactile receptor] signals degree of rotation

ruffini corpuscles

[tactile receptor] seen in enlarged dendritic endings with elongated capsules in deep skin

ruffini corpuscles

[tactile receptor] unmyelinated, onion-shaped subcutaneous skin and deep fascia

pacinian corpucles

[tactile receptor] fast acting type 2

pacinian corpuscles

[tactile receptor] used in deep pressure

pacinian corpuscles

[tactile receptor] used in high-frequency (fast) vibration

pacinian corpuscles

[tactile receptor] active during tapping motion

pacinian corpuscles

speed of fast pain

0.1 sec

[types of pain] uses Type A-delta fibers or Type III

fast pain

[types of pain] the neurotransmitter is glutamate

fast pain

[types of pain] associated with tissue destruction, visceral pain

slow pain

[types of pain] uses type C fibers or type IV if visceral pain, 1 sec of stimulus

slow pain

[types of pain] neurotransmitter is Substance P

slow pain

[types of pain] free nerve endings are triggered at this temp range

<15 or >43

these are considered endogenous analgesia system

serotonin Epi NE

[chemical NTs involved in pain modulation] nucleus raphe magnum and spinal dorsal horn

serotonin

[chemical NTs involved in pain modulation] locus ceruleus

[chemical NTs involved in pain modulation] periaqueductal gray matter

morphine

[chemical NTs involved in pain modulation] spinal dorsal horn

enkephalin

[chemical NTs involved in pain modulation] dorsal root ganglion

opioids

Sensory Pathway Flashcards

(75 cards)