hes quiz 100000000

Question 1

Alveolar duct ….

Answer 1

opens to clusters of
alveoli

Question 2

What are alveoli densely covered with

Answer 2

capillaries

Question 3

gas exchange

Answer 3

simple diffusion across respiratory membranes

Question 4

Type 1 alveolar cells

Answer 4

simple squamous epithelial cells
surrounded by flimsy basement
membrane

Question 5

Type 2 alveolar cells

Answer 5

cuboidal epithelial cells scattered among type 1

Question 6

Alveolar macrophages

Answer 6

fights bacteria, dust, debris,

Question 7

Pulmonary artery for

Answer 7

oxygenation of blood

Question 8

Pulmonary veins

Answer 8

return blood to heart

Question 9

Bronchial arteries provide

Answer 9

oxygenated systemic blood to
lung tissue

Question 10

Nervous innervation

Answer 10

Parasympathetic
Sympathetic
Visceral sensory fibers

Question 11

Serous membrane surrounding lungs

Answer 11

Visceral pleura and Parietal pleura

Question 12

What does the pleura do?

Answer 12

1. Produce fluid to lubricate
   surfaces and reduce friction
   between layers
2. Maintains position of lungs
   against thoracic wall
3. Create cavities to separate
   major organs

Question 13

Pleurisy

Answer 13

inflammation of
pleura (pneumonia)

Question 14

Pleural effusion

Answer 14

fluid accumulation in pleural cavity

Question 15

Transpulmonary pressure

Answer 15

Keeps air spaces of lungs open
Higher transpulmonary press = larger lung

Question 16

Inspiration 1

Answer 16

Inspiratory muscles contract

Question 17

Inspiration 2

Answer 17

thoracic cavity volume increases

Question 18

Inspiration 3

Answer 18

Lungs are stretched; intrapulmonary volume increases

Question 19

Inspiration 4

Answer 19

Intrapulmonary pressure drops to 1 mmhg

Question 20

Inspiration 5

Answer 20

Air flows into the lungs down its pressure gradient until intrapulmonary pressure is 0. equal to atmospheric pressure

Question 21

Expiration 1

Answer 21

Inspiratory muscles relax

Question 22

Expiration 2

Answer 22

thoracic cavity volume decreases

Question 23

Expiration 3

Answer 23

elastic lungs recoil passively; intrapulmonary volume decreases

Question 24

Expiration 4

Answer 24

intrapulmonary pressure rises to 1 mmhg

Question 25

Expiration 5

Answer 25

Air flows out of the lungs down its pressure gradient until intrapulmonary pressure is 0

Question 26

Intrapulmonary pressure

Answer 26

Pressure inside the lungs decreases as lung volume increases during inspiration; pressure increases during expiration

Question 27

Intrapleural pressure

Answer 27

Pleural cavity pressure becomes more negative as the chest wall expands during inspiration. Returns to initial value as chest wall recoils

Question 28

Volume of breath

Answer 28

during each breath, the pressure gradients move 0.5 liters of air into and out of the lungs

Question 29

Airway resistance: flow =

Answer 29

Flow = change in pressure / resistance

Question 30

Alveolar Surface Tension

Answer 30

Liquid molecules attracted to each other vs. to gas molecules Surfactant -> lowers surface tension and prevents alveolar collapse

Question 31

Lung compliance

Answer 31

Higher the lung compliance -> easier to expand lungs at any given transpulmonary pressure

Question 32

Bronchus

Answer 32

conducting

Question 33

Trachea

Answer 33

conducting

Question 34

Alveolus/alveoli

Answer 34

respiratory

Question 35

Larynx

Answer 35

conducting

Question 36

Bronchioles

Answer 36

respiratory

Question 37

Pharynx

Answer 37

conducting

Question 38

conducting zones

Answer 38

not involved in gas exchange Nose, pharynx, larynx, trachea, bronchial tree

Question 39

Pressure gradient

Answer 39

Gasses flow from high –> low pressure

Question 40

Atmospheric pressure

Answer 40

760 mmHg

Question 41

Intra-alveolar (intrapulmonary) pressure – pressure within alveoli...

Answer 41

changes with inspiration/ expiration

Question 42

Intrapleural press

Answer 42

within pleural cavity between visceral and parietal pleurae Changes during breathing * Always lower than intra-alveolar (~4 mm) * Neg intrapleural press caused by forces pulling visceral pleura from parietal pleura * Volume change

Question 43

Transpulmonary press

Answer 43

Intra-alveolar minus intrapleural (760-756=4 mm Hg) Keeps air spaces of lungs open * Higher transpulmonary press = larger lung

Question 44

Inspiration

Answer 44

Boyle’s law: * Vol dec -> Press inc * Vol inc -> Pres dec During deep, forced inspirations (exercise) accessory muscles further increase thoracic vol

Question 45

Expiration

Answer 45

At rest, lung elasticity more a factor than muscle contraction Forced expiration from contracting abdominal wall muscles -> inc intra- abdominal press -> forces abdominal organs against diaphragm and depress rib cage

Question 46

Physical Factors Influencing Pulmonary Ventilation

Answer 46

Airway resistance Alveolar Surface Tension Lung compliance

Question 47

Airway resistance

Answer 47

major source is friction in the respiratory passages Small differences in pressure produce large changes in flow

Question 48

Alveolar Surface Tension

Answer 48

force created by alveolar fluid that resists lung distension

Question 49

Alveolar film contains surfactant ->

Answer 49

lowers surface tension and prevents alveolar collapse

Question 50

Liquid molecules attracted to each other vs. to gas molecules

Answer 50

= surface tension

Question 51

Lung compliance

Answer 51

the distensibility of lung tissue and the thoracic cage

Question 52

Higher the lung compliance ->

Answer 52

easier to expand lungs at any given transpulmonary pressure

Question 53

Anatomical dead space

Answer 53

air in airway that never reaches alveoli

Question 54

Alveolar dead space

Answer 54

air within poorly functioning alveoli

Question 55

Perfusion

Answer 55

flow of blood in pulmonary capillaries

Question 56

Fick’s Law of Diffusion: rate of gas exchange

Answer 56

Proportional to: Concentration gradient; Perfusion area; Diffusion constant * Inversely related to membrane thickness

Question 57

O2 vs. CO2

Answer 57

Solubility -> Greater for CO2 vs. O2 * Concentration gradient -> Greater for O2 (104 mm Hg) vs. CO2 (40 mm Hg)

Question 58

CO2 diffuses

Answer 58

out of capillary into alveolus

Question 59

O2 diffuses

Answer 59

cross respiratory membrane from alveolus to capillary