Psych test 2

Question 1

What are chromosomes made of?

Answer 1

DNA

Question 2

What do cells contain?

Answer 2

chromosomes

Question 3

How many chromosomes do we have?

Answer 3

46 chromosomes, 23 pairs
one from mom, one from dad

Question 4

genotype

Answer 4

a persons genetic inheritance

Question 5

phenotype

Answer 5

a persons characteristics which comes from the genotype

Question 6

dominant-recessive inheritance

Answer 6

dominant influences genotype
recessive only influences if paired with another recessive

Question 7

form of a gene

Answer 7

an allele

Question 8

when does dominant recessive inheritance happen?

Answer 8

only for traits determined by a single gene

Question 9

incomplete dominance

Answer 9

phenotype primarily influenced by the dominant gene
Example: sickle cell anemia

Question 10

Ss - sickle cell

Answer 10

resistant to malaria

Question 11

polygenic inheritance

Answer 11

when two or more genes affect the expression of one trait

Question 12

What sex chromosomes do women have?

Answer 12

XX

Question 13

What chromosomes do men have?

Answer 13

XY

Question 14

Why are men more vulnerable to recessive disorders linked to the x chromosomes?

Answer 14

They have an xy chromosome so they don’t have another x to bump off the x linked disorders

Question 15

behavior genetics

Answer 15

goal is to identify how much genes influence behavior

Question 16

MZ twins

Answer 16

identical; share 100% of genes

Question 17

DZ twins

Answer 17

fraternal; share 50% of genes

Question 18

heritability

Answer 18

an estimate of the extent to which genes are responsible for differences among people within a specific population

Question 19

What percentage of population differences can we get from environmental and genetic

Answer 19

.70 = genetic factor is estimated to contribute 70%
environmental = 30%
intelligence heritability factor = .50

Question 20

what family is the heritability of intelligence higher?

Answer 20

middle-income families > lower income

Question 21

concordance rate

Answer 21

degree of similarity in phenotype among pairs of family members

Question 22

What is the percent of twin B developing schizophrenia if twin A has it? MZ twins

Answer 22

50%

Question 23

What is the percent of twin B developing schizophrenia if twin A has it? DZ twins

Answer 23

18%

Question 24

epigenetics

Answer 24

development results from bidirectional interactions between genotype and environment

Question 25

gilbert gottlieb

Answer 25

there is not a single, predetermined path for any developmental outcome

Question 26

reaction range

Answer 26

range of possible developmental paths established by genes; environment determines where development takes place within that range

Question 27

Drs Sandra Scarr & Kathleen McCartney Theory

Answer 27

genes influence the kind of environment we experience

Question 28

passive genotype

Answer 28

occur when parents provide the genes and environment

Question 29

evocative effect

Answer 29

occur when inherited characteristics evoke responses from others

Question 30

active genotype

Answer 30

when people seek out environments that corresponds to their genotypic characteristics = niche-picking

Question 31

passive - childhood

Answer 31

more pronounced

Question 32

active - childhood

Answer 32

relatively weak

Question 33

passive - adolesence

Answer 33

less pronounced

Question 34

active - adolescence

Answer 34

increase

Question 35

passive - adulthood

Answer 35

fades entirely

Question 36

active - adulthood

Answer 36

most pronounced

Question 37

evocative

Answer 37

stable throughout life

Question 38

embryonic disk (inner layer)

Answer 38

will become an embryo

Question 39

outer layer

Answer 39

trophoblast provides nourishment and protects embryo

Question 40

embryonic disk layers

Answer 40

ectoderm endoderm mesoderm

Question 41

ectoderm

Answer 41

skin, hair, nails, sensory and nervous systems

Question 42

mesoderm

Answer 42

muscular, reproductive, and circulatory

Question 43

conception

Answer 43

union of gametes

Question 44

Germinal period

Answer 44

first two weeks after conception

Question 45

What happens the first week of the germinal period?

Answer 45

rapid cell division embryonic disk (inner layer) = will become embryo outer layer = nourishes and protects

Question 46

What develops during the germinal period?

Answer 46

umbilical cord, placenta, amnion

Question 47

embryonic period

Answer 47

weeks 3-8 (weeks 5-8 of pregnancy)

Question 48

What develops during the embryonic period?

Answer 48

embryonic disk nervous system circulatory system digestive system lungs skin muscle

Question 49

What is developed at the end of the embryonic period?

Answer 49

main body parts main organs sexual differentiation

Question 50

Fetal period

Answer 50

week 9 (week 11 of pregnancy) to birth

Question 51

what is developed at the end of the fetal period?

Answer 51

genitals formed fingernails, toenails, tastebuds heartbeat heard through stethoscope

Question 52

1st trimester

Answer 52

weeks 9-12

Question 53

2nd trimester

Answer 53

weeks 13-24 Movement felt by mother (kicks, turns) Breathes amniotic fluid, sucks thumb Responds to sounds

Question 54

3rd trimester

Answer 54

weeks 24-38 Lungs fully develop Weight gain! Brain development continues  sleep-wake cycles like newborn Awareness of external environment

Question 55

viability

Answer 55

ability to survive outside the womb

Question 56

whats the last major organ to develop?

Answer 56

the lungs