HES quiz 2

Question 1

nerve cell types

Answer 1

Neurons

Question 2

the parts of a neuron

Answer 2

nuclei, soma, dendrites, axon, axon terminal

Question 3

glial cells

Answer 3

supporting cells

Question 4

what is the white matter?

Answer 4

axons, interior, myelin

Question 5

what is the grey matter?

Answer 5

dendrites
outer cortex

Question 6

ganglion

Answer 6

a group of neurons outside the CNS

Question 7

nucleus

Answer 7

a group of neurons within the CNS

Question 8

Nerve

Answer 8

a group of nerve fibers (axon) outside the CNS

Question 9

tract

Answer 9

a group of nerve fibers within the CNS

Question 10

sensory input

Answer 10

gathers info

Question 11

integration

Answer 11

processes, decides whether action needs to be taken

Question 12

response

Answer 12

motor output needed to fix the problem, muscle movement, hormone release

Question 13

somatic nervous system

Answer 13

conscious perception and voluntary or reflex motor responses

Question 14

autonomic nervous system

Answer 14

involuntary control to regulate organ systems and maintain homeostasis

Question 15

what makes up the autonomic nervous system and what are the functions?

Answer 15

Sympathetic - flight or fight
parasympathetic - rest and digest

Question 16

Enteric nervous system

Answer 16

controls smooth muscle and glandular tissue in digestive tissue

Question 17

CNS

Answer 17

brain and spinal cord
integrative and control centers

Question 18

PNS

Answer 18

cranial nerves
spinal nerves
communication between CNS and the body

Question 19

sensory (afferent) division

Answer 19

somatic and visceral sensory nerve fibers
Conducts impulses from receptors to the CNS

Question 20

Motor (efferent) division

Answer 20

motor nerve fibers
conducts impulses from the CNS to effectors (muscles and glands)

Question 21

What does the axon have and do?

Answer 21

wrapped in myelin made from glial cells
propagates impulse
Node of rainvier - gaps
Axon hillock - initial segment

Question 22

Types of neurons

Answer 22

unipolar
bipolar
multipolar

Question 23

unipolar

Answer 23

axon and dendrite in 1 process
sensory; mainly peripheral nervous system

Question 24

bipolar

Answer 24

2 processes, axon and dendrite
sensory only
not common

Question 25

multipolar

Answer 25

axon & 1> dendrite most common motor neurons interneurons - impulses within the CNS to integrate sensory and motor input

Question 26

Astrocyte

Answer 26

largest and most numerous

Question 27

BBB

Answer 27

controls entry into CNS; active transport

Question 28

What can enter the BBB?

Answer 28

glucose and amino acids not drugs

Question 29

oligodendrocyte

Answer 29

insulates axons in myelin tie the axons together

Question 30

microglia

Answer 30

originate as macrophages as part of the CNS immune surveillance and phagocytosis

Question 31

Ependymal cells

Answer 31

filters the blood to make CSF

Question 32

cilia

Answer 32

tight connections between adjacent cells

Question 33

satellite cell

Answer 33

sensory and autonomic ganglia surround the cell bodies of neurons supports nervous tissues regulates nutrients and waste exchange

Question 34

Schwann cell

Answer 34

insulates the axons with myelin

Question 35

myelin

Answer 35

phospholipids of the glial membrane + proteins Insulates axons - oligodendrocytes (CNS) and Schwann cells (PNS) facilitates electrical signals along the axon

Question 36

diencephalon

Answer 36

deep within brain processing center for sensory information and autonomic control connects to limbic system

Question 37

What structures are within the limbic structure?

Answer 37

Amygdala, hippocampus, thalamus, hypothalamus

Question 38

What does the lymbic system do?

Answer 38

integrate and respond to environmental stimuli relayed through the hypothalamus

Question 39

cingulate gyrus

Answer 39

focuses attention to emotionally important events

Question 40

Brain stem parts

Answer 40

midbrain pons medulla

Question 41

midbrain

Answer 41

contains visual and auditory reflex centers contains subcortical motor centers contains nuceli for cranial nerves

Question 42

pons

Answer 42

relays info from motor cortex --> cerebellum cooperates with medullary centers to control respiration contains nuclei for cranial nerves

Question 43

medulla oblongata

Answer 43

relays ascending sensory pathway impulses from skin and proprioceptors contains nuclei controlling HR, blood vessels, respiration, vomiting, hiccups, swallowing contains nuclei for cranial nerves

Question 44

cerebellum functions

Answer 44

"little brain" - thin outer cortex of gray matter; internal white matter helps provide smooth, coordinated body movement subconscious processes information from cerebral motor cortex instructs cerebral motor cortex and subcortical, motto centers responsible for balance and posture

Question 45

reticular formation

Answer 45

group of nuclei in the brain stem sensory axons where there are sensory, and auditory impulses relays information to the cerebrum through the thalamus

Question 46

cranial nerves

Answer 46

nerves connected to the brain

Question 47

spinal nerves

Answer 47

connected to the spinal cord

Question 48

pre ganglionic fiber

Answer 48

neurons from the brainstem

Question 49

nuclei

Answer 49

cluster of nerves

Question 50

What is the difference between the pre and postganglion in the sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous systems?

Answer 50

sympathetic - ganglia is close to the spinal cord parasympathetic - ganglia is within or close to the target organ

Question 51

cholinergic

Answer 51

acetylcholine

Question 52

muscarinic

Answer 52

binds to muscarine; indirect

Question 53

nicotinic

Answer 53

binds nictoine; direct

Question 54

adrenergic

Answer 54

norepinephrine and epinephrine

Question 55

vagus nerve

Answer 55

afferent efferent

Question 56

alpha 1

Answer 56

contracts smooth muscles

Question 57

alpha 2

Answer 57

presynaptic nerve terminals

Question 58

Beta 1

Answer 58

heart and kidneys

Question 59

beta 2

Answer 59

relaxes smooth muscles, liver, pancreas, eye

Question 60

beta 3

Answer 60

adipose tissue

Question 61

afferent

Answer 61

sensory

Question 62

efferent

Answer 62

motor