Psych test 5

Question 1

demandingness

Answer 1

how much parents set down rules and expectations

Question 2

responsiveness

Answer 2

how sensitive parents are to their child’s needs and how much
parents express warmth

Question 3

Permissive parenting

Answer 3

lenient, accepting, low expectations, few rules

Question 4

Authoritative parenting

Answer 4

responsive, power-like, high expectations, assertive

Question 5

uninvolved parenting

Answer 5

passive, neglectful, absent

Question 6

Authoritarian parenting

Answer 6

punishment, clear rules, power-over, emotionally distant, high expectations

Question 7

What is authoritative most associated with?

Answer 7

independent, self-assured, creative, socially skilled, academic success, empathy, optimism,

Question 8

Effects of authoritarian parenting on boys and girls

Answer 8

boys - aggressive
girls - anxious, unhappy

Question 9

effects of a permissive parent

Answer 9

lack self control, issues getting along with teachers and peers

Question 10

effects of uninvolved or disengaged parenting

Answer 10

high impulsivity, higher rates of behavior problems

Question 11

Asian cultures: Filial piety

Answer 11

belief that children should respect, obey, and revere their parents
throughout life

Question 12

Latino American cultures: Respecto

Answer 12

respect for and obedience to parents and elders (especially dad)

Question 13

Latino American cultures: Familismo

Answer 13

emphasizes the love, closeness, and mutual obligations of Latinx
family life

Question 14

what age is middle childhood

Answer 14

6 to 9

Question 15

What age was Piagets concrete operations stage? What are the skills?

Answer 15

age 7 to 11
capable of using mental operations
organize and manipulate information in mind
conservation
seriation tasks

Question 16

What are seriation tasks?

Answer 16

sorting by size, color, number

Question 17

criticisms of Piaget’s tasks

Answer 17

focus on mastery
exposure to tasks and practice can influence performance

Question 18

The calm before the storm

Answer 18

golden age - high well being and low volatility
frequency of negative emotions decline
environment requires better emotion regulation

Question 19

Ambivalence

Answer 19

experiencing two
contradictory emotions
simultaneously

Question 20

gender development in developed countries

Answer 20

gender attitudes and behavior become more stereotypes
associate certain personality traits with specific gender
jobs become associated with gender

Question 21

How does middle childhood for puberty start?

Answer 21

the proportion of body fat increases
reaches threshold level

Question 22

what does reaching the threshold do?

Answer 22

series of chemical events triggers
ovaries and testes increase production of sex hormones

Question 23

sex hormones

Answer 23

estrogens and androgens
estradiol and testosterone

Question 24

hormonal changes

Answer 24

maturation of primary and secondary sex characteristics

Question 25

primary

Answer 25

production of eggs (ova); production of sperm

Question 26

girls

Answer 26

menarche release 1 egg per cycle

Question 27

boys

Answer 27

spermarche - around age 12 produce millions

Question 28

secondary sex characteristics

Answer 28

growth of pubic hair voice changes production of skin oils and sweat

Question 29

white American and British girls

Answer 29

girls begin 2 years earlier than boys

Question 30

Kikuyu culture in Kenya

Answer 30

boys begin before girls

Question 31

Age at beginning

Answer 31

strongly influenced by technology (eg, food production, medical care)

Question 32

early maturing for girls

Answer 32

negative for girls depressed mood, negative body image, eating disorders

Question 33

early maturing for boys

Answer 33

positive for boys better body image, more popular

Question 34

formal operations stage

Answer 34

starts at age 11 completes at age 15 to 20 development of abstract thinking

Question 35

hypothetical deductive reasoning

Answer 35

process of applying scientific thinking to tasks forming and testing hypotheses, drawing conclusions

Question 36

executive function

Answer 36

cognitive control of thought, behavior, and emotion goal-directed, regulation of attention

Question 37

Why does it pop back up in adolescence?

Answer 37

this is another period of accelerated growth (12-15)

Question 38

PFC development

Answer 38

one of the last brain structures to develop

Question 39

adolescence PFC

Answer 39

imbalance between mature areas and immature PFC

Question 40

why does conflict with parents increase?

Answer 40

Cognitive development more independence and autonomy parental concerns about safety

Question 41

What are children's responses to divorce?

Answer 41

25% have severe emotional or behavioral issues

Question 42

What factors influence how divorce affects children?

Answer 42

quality of relationships between family members

Question 43

switch from high conflict to low conflict post divorce

Answer 43

children's functioning improves

Question 44

selective association

Answer 44

people tend to prefer being around others who are like themselves

Question 45

Intergroup contact theory

Answer 45

when majority and minority groups interact, negative feelings about each other tend to dissipate

Question 46

time of rapid biological growth

Answer 46

2 to 5 years

Question 47

critiques of piaget

Answer 47

use of formal operations in all situations/problems individual differences cultural differences

Question 48

what are the two periods of accelerated growth?

Answer 48

early childhood - 3 to 5 early to mid-adolescence - 12 -15

Question 49

Adolescents depend more on.....

Answer 49

friends for companionship and intimacy compared to family

Question 50

what do close and emotional friendships in adolescence lead to?

Answer 50

improvements in anxiety, depression, and self-worth 10 years later

Question 51

friendships in developing countries

Answer 51

more time spent with family, but friends are still important

Question 52

what is the most important feature of adolescent friendships?

Answer 52

intimacy - sharing of personal knowledge, thoughts, and feelings

Question 53

What age does formal operations start?

Answer 53

At age 11