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Microbiology > Hospital-Acquired Gram(-) > Flashcards

Hospital-Acquired Gram(-) Flashcards

0
Q

How is P.aeruginosa transmitted?

A
  1. Medical devices

2. Hands of healthcare workers

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1
Q

Where is P.aeruginosa found?

A
  1. Soil
  2. Water
  3. Plants
  4. Animals
  5. Intestinal flora
  6. Skin
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2
Q

What is the metabolism of P.aeruginosa?

A
  1. Obligate aerobe
  2. Non-lactose fermenter
  3. Oxidase-positive
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3
Q

What is the virulence of P.aeruginosa?

A
  1. Motile (polar flagella)
  2. Hemolysin
  3. Collagenase
  4. Elastase
  5. Fibrinolysin
  6. Phospholipase C
  7. DNAse
  8. Antiphagocytic capsule (some strains)
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4
Q

What are the toxins of P.aeruginosa?

A

Exotoxin A (similar to diphtheria toxin) - inhibits protein synthesis by blocking EF2.

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5
Q

What can P.aeruginosa cause?

A

BE PSEUDo.

  1. Burn-wound infection
  2. Endocarditis
  3. Pneumonia
  4. Sepsis
  5. External malignant otitis media
  6. UTI
  7. Diabetic osteomyelitis
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6
Q

How can we identify P.aeruginosa?

A

Culture:

Greenish metallic appearing colonies on blood agar, which have fruity (grape) smell.

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7
Q

What is important to keep in mind about P.aeruginosa?

A
  1. Common infection in neutropenic patients.
  2. Produces pigments when cultured:
    a. pyocyanin (blue pigment)
    b. pyoverdin (green pigment)
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8
Q

Where is Burkholderia cepacia found?

A
  1. Soil
  2. Water
  3. Plants
  4. Animals
  5. Lungs of cystic fibrosis patients
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9
Q

How is Burkholderia cepacia transmitted?

A
  1. Medical devices
  2. Hands of healthcare workers
  3. Between cystic fibrosis patients (?)
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10
Q

What is the metabolism of Burkholderia cepacia?

A
  1. Oxidase (+)

2. NON-lactose fermenter

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11
Q

What is the virulence of Burkholderia cepacia?

A

Extremely antibiotic and disinfectant resistant.

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12
Q

What can Burkholderia cepacia cause?

A
  1. Pneumonia in cystic fibrosis patients.

2. Infections in patients with chronic granulomatous disease.

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13
Q

How can we identify Burkholderia cepacia?

A

May use selective media with colistin to select for growth.

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14
Q

Where is Stenotrophomonas maltophilia found?

A
  1. Soil
  2. Water
  3. Plants
  4. Animals
  5. Normal respiratory flora
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15
Q

How can Stenotrophomonas maltophilia transmitted?

A
  1. Medical devices

2. Hands of healthcare workers

16
Q

What is the metabolism of Stenotrophomonas maltophilia?

A
  1. Oxidase (-)

2. Non-lactose fermenter

17
Q

What is the virulence of Stenotrophomonas maltophilia?

A

Extremely antibiotic and disinfectant resistant.

18
Q

What can Stenotrophomonas maltophilia cause?

A
  1. Pneumonia in ventilated patients on broad antibiotics.

2. Line-related bacteremia.

19
Q

What is important to keep in mind about Stenotrophomonas maltophilia?

A

Often a non-pathogenic colonizer of respiratory flora.

20
Q

Where is Acinetobacter baumannii found?

A
  1. Soil
  2. Water
  3. Skin
  4. Secretions
21
Q

How is Acinetobacter baumannii transmitted?

A
  1. Medical devices

2. Hands of healthcare workers

22
Q

What is the metabolism of Acinetobacter baumannii?

A
  1. Obligate aerobe
  2. Oxidase (-)
  3. Non-lactose fermenter
23
Q

What is the virulence of Acinetobacter baumannii?

A

Multiple acquired mechanisms of antibiotic resistance.

24
Q

What are the toxins of Acinetobacter baumannii?

A
  1. Bacteriocin production

2. Protective capsule (inhibits phagocytosis)

25
Q

What can Acinetobacter baumannii cause?

A
  1. Pneumonia
  2. Line-related bacteremia
  3. UTI
  4. Burn/wound infections
  5. Eye infections
26
Q

What is important to keep in mind about Acinetobacter baumannii?

A
  1. May be mistaken for Neisseria

2. Guide therapy with antibiotic susceptibilities.

Microbiology (46 decks)

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