How did Baldwin I consolidate the Crusader States from 1100-1118? Flashcards
(19 cards)
Name the four Crusader States that were established by 1109.
Kingdom of Jerusalem, Principality of Antioch, County of Edessa, County of Tripoli.
Which Crusader State was the most important and why?
Kingdom of Jerusalem.
Jerusalem is the birth and death place of Jesus, where the Patriarch of Jerusalem is based, and other Crusader State leaders were vassals of the King of Jerusalem.
Name the northernmost Crusader State.
County of Edessa.
Name the southernmost Crusader State.
Kingdom of Jerusalem.
Describe the main threats to the Crusader States.
Invasion from Fatimids to the South, Turks, Zangids, Ayyubids to the East, Byzantines to the North; Rebellion from civil wars and succession crises.
Describe the importance of the ports for the Crusader States.
Reduced isolation from Christendom, provided military supplies/knights from Christendom, and access to trade from Christendom.
Describe the communities that lived within the Crusader States.
Diverse community including European Christians, Armenians, Sunni Muslims, Shiah Muslims, and Greeks (Byzantines).
What years was Baldwin I the King of Jerusalem?
1100-1118.
Name the coastal port cities that Baldwin acquired and the dates of their acquisition.
1101 – Arsuf, 1104 - Acre.
Why did Baldwin I acquire coastal port cities?
To reduce isolation from Christendom, increase trade, and gain military support from Christendom.
What fortifications did Baldwin I establish? Where and when did he establish them? And why?
Montreal - 1115. To protect trade and pilgrimage routes through Transjordan.
Name the Holy Order established during Baldwin I’s reign and describe their initial role.
Hospitallers – established 1113 with a medical role.
What is the Royal Demesne?
The area of territory ruled directly by the King, where all tax revenues go to the King.
What is a vassal?
Someone who swears an oath of fealty to their Lord to be loyal, provide taxes, and military service/knights in return for land and a title.
What is a fief?
The area of territory ruled directly by a Lord (Vassal of the King).
How did Baldwin I’s land allocation help secure his political control?
He ensured he had a powerful royal demesne including the city of Jerusalem and Acre.
How did Baldwin I reward his loyal vassals?
With cash rather than land. This meant he maintained loyalty but his power didn’t diminish by giving away land over time.
Who was Baldwin I’s political rival?
Daimbert of Pisa – Patriarch of Jerusalem.
How did Baldwin deal with his political rival?
When he tried to suggest alternatives to the throne, he was replaced by the loyal Patriarch Arnulf of Chocques.
