How vulnerable were the Crusader States 1144-69? Flashcards
(18 cards)
How would you describe the stability of the economy of the Crusader States from 1144-69?
Fairly stable – remained mostly the same
Name the coastal port cities that continued to be vital to the Crusader economy from 1144-69.
Arsuf, Acre, Tyre, Jaffa
Name the common imports and exports in and out of the Crusader States.
Imports from Islamic World – spices, sugar
Imports from Christendom – timber, metals
Exports to Islamic World – timber, metals
Exports to Christendom – spices, sugar
What coastal port city was successfully acquired by the Crusaders in 1153? Who was it captured from?
Ascalon – captured from Fatimids
What was the advantage the Crusaders gained by capturing Ascalon?
Reduced Fatimid harassment of trading ships in the Mediterranean increasing confidence in trade
What evidence suggests that Muslims and Christians continued to trade from 1144-69?
Muslim traders such as Abu Ibn Izz-ad-Din given protection to trade between Egypt and Tyre by Baldwin III
How did Baldwin III encourage migrants from Christendom to settle in the Crusader States?
Provided incentives and benefits eg: free olive groves and communal mills and tax breaks and longer rents on housing
Who ruled Jerusalem after the death of Fulk of Anjou in 1143? Why was this problematic?
Melisende and Baldwin III – co-rule, less trust, Melisende was a woman in a patriarchal society
What took place between Baldwin III and Melisende in 1152?
Civil war
What happened in Antioch and Tipoli in the early 1150s? What was Baldwin III forced to do?
Deaths of count and prince – Baldwin III becomes Regent
Who succeeded Baldwin III in 1163?
Amalric I
Describe the change in the relationship between the Crusader States and the Byzantine Empire during the reigns of Baldwin III and Amalric.
Before Baldwin III + Amalric I – negative relationship, distrust, Byzantines attacked CS in the North in 1137 and six invasion attempts from 1099-1144. Anger over not handing over Antioch and Edessa during First Crusade.
During Baldwin III and Amalric I improved – castles in Edessa given to Byzantines during Baldwin’s reign. Marriage alliances eg: 1167 Amalric marries Maria Comnena and 1158 Baldwin III marries Byzantine Emperor’s niece.
Overall, how politically vulnerable were the Crusader States from 1144-69?
Politically vulnerable in 1150s – eg: Co-rule unstable, 1152 Civil War, deaths of Count of Tripoli and Prince of Antioch and Baldwin’s power stretch through Regency.
Political improvements in 1160s – eg: smooth succession to Amalric, improved relations with Byzantine allies.
What evidence suggests a lack of military support for the Crusader States from Christendom during the reigns of Baldwin III and Amalric?
Seven Crusade letters ignored from 1150s-1180s, Louis VII refused to support Antioch contributing to failure at Inab 1149, Monarchs of Christendom prefer to send money to Holy Military Orders than provide knights themselves or go on Crusade.
What caused a lack of military support from Christendom?
Failure of Second Crusade – led to increased fear of losing Crusades and reputations tarnished, fear of losing troops leading to instability back in Kingdoms.
What evidence suggests an increasing reliance on the Holy Military Orders from 1144-69?
Templars – 120 knights fought at the Battle of Inab.
Hospitallers – 500 knights fought during the campaign in Egypt 1167-9.
Name the military successes the Crusaders experienced from 1144-69.
Ascalon - 1153
Name the military losses the Crusader States experienced from 1144-69.
Fall of Edessa – 1144
Second Crusade 1147-9
Battle of Inab - 1149
Egyptian campaign failure 1167-9
