How precarious and vulnerable were the Crusader States from 1174-87?

Question 1

Who ruled as King of Jerusalem from 1163-1174?

Answer 1

Amalric I

Question 2

What was the relationship of Agnes of Courtenay to Amalric?

Answer 2

First wife

Question 3

What was the relationship of Maria Comnena to Amalric?

Answer 3

Second wife

Question 4

What was the relationship of Baldwin IV to Amalric?

Answer 4

Son (from Agnes)

Question 5

What was the relationship of Sibylla to Amalric?

Answer 5

Daughter (from Agnes)

Question 6

Who was confirmed as Amalric’s successor?

Answer 6

Baldwin IV

Question 7

What was the benefit of Amalric’s marriage to Maria Comnena?

Answer 7

Stronger relationship with the Byzantine Empire

Question 8

What was Baldwin IV diagnosed with in 1170?

Answer 8

Leprosy

Question 9

Why was Baldwin IV’s leprosy a problem?

Answer 9

Could not have an heir (infertile), disfigured (believed he lacked divine support), isolated, harder to lead the army

Question 10

Why did Raymond III of Tripoli take over as Regent after Amalric died in 1174?

Answer 10

Because Baldwin IV was 13 and had not reached maturity to rule alone

Question 11

What were Raymond III’s motives when he became Regent from 1174-76?

Answer 11

Protect the Crusader States from rebellion/invasion, maintain peace and prosperity, prepare Baldwin IV to rule alone

Question 12

Describe Raymond III’s characteristics.

Answer 12

Cautious / conciliatory, ambitious, powerful vassal, in his early 30s

Question 13

What action did Raymond III take as Regent to attempt to secure peace and stability in 1175?

Answer 13

Peace treaty with Saladin

Question 14

What title was Reynald of Chatillon granted in 1175?

Answer 14

Lord of Transjordan

Question 15

Describe Reynald of Chatillon’s character.

Answer 15

Violent, hated Muslims, imprisoned for 15 years by Muslims, militarily skilled and experienced

Question 16

What were Reynald of Chatillon’s motives?

Answer 16

Revenge on the Islamic World, regain his land and power lost during his imprisonment, protect Transjordan

Question 17

What action did Reynald of Chatillon take in 1177 that helped protect the Crusader States?

Answer 17

Defeated Saladin at Ascalon in 1177 (Battle of Mont Gisard)

Question 18

What did the child of Sibylla and William of Montferrat become known as?

Answer 18

Baldwin V

Question 19

What were Guy of Lusignon’s aims when he married Sibylla in 1180?

Answer 19

To become King of Jerusalem, to protect the Crusader States

Question 20

What was Guy of Lusignon inexperienced in?

Answer 20

Political and military leadership

Question 21

Who took over as Regent in 1180 when Baldwin IV’s illness worsened?

Answer 21

Guy of Lusignon

Question 22

What action did Baldwin IV take in 1180 to attempt to protect the Crusader States?

Answer 22

Peace Treaty with Saladin

Question 23

Who became Regent of Jerusalem from 1183 onwards?

Answer 23

Raymond III of Tripoli

Question 24

Who was named co-ruler of Jerusalem in 1183?

Answer 24

Baldwin V

Question 25

What happened to Baldwin IV in 1185?

Answer 25

Baldwin IV died – Baldwin V named King (Raymond III as Regent)

Question 26

Why did Raymond III continue as Regent after Baldwin IV's death?

Answer 26

Baldwin V was a child (under 15), Crusader States were vulnerable to attack – weak ruler – divisions politically

Question 27

What happened to Baldwin V in 1186?

Answer 27

Baldwin V dies – no clear succession plan – succession crisis and division

Question 28

Who ruled Jerusalem in 1186?

Answer 28

Guy of Lusignon becomes King of Jerusalem alongside Sibylla as Queen

Question 29

What agreement did Raymond III make in 1186 due to fear of Guy?

Answer 29

Raymond makes an agreement with Saladin and allows troops to enter Crusader territory in Galilee