To what extent did Muslim power increase 1144-69 Flashcards
(18 cards)
Name the city/territory that Zengi conquered in 1144
Edessa
Describe the power of the Islamic World under Zengi in 1144
Dominating Power / serious threat
What happened to Zengi in 1146? What impact did this have on the power of the Islamic World?
Zengi killed – weakened and divided his Empire amongst his sons Nur and Saif
What title did Nur have in 1146?
Emir of Aleppo
What city did Nur destroy in 1146?
Edessa
What city did the Islamic World successfully defend during the Second Crusade in 1148?
Damascus
Describe the characteristics that made Nur a strong leader
Pious leaders – built Madrasas, strict Muslims
Good military leader
What were Nur’s aims?
To remove the Crusader States and build a power Zengid empire to match or eclipse his father
What Battle did Nur fight in 1149? Who against? What was the outcome?
Battle of Inab – Nur is successful and Raymond of Antioch is defeated and killed
What powerful concept did Nur use to gain power?
Jihad
Describe Nur’s rise to power
Atabeg of Aleppo 1146 – conquers Damascus 1154 – conquers Baalbek and recognised as overlord of Mosul 1155
What greatly weakened the Fatimid Caliphate by 1154?
Succession Crisis following the murder of the Caliph and his infant Son being placed as a puppet Caliph
What city did the Fatimid’s lose to the Crusaders in 1153?
Ascalon
Why was Egypt important to Nur ad-Din in the 1160s?
Strategic military location to surround the Crusader States and attack ships between Christendom and Crusader States. Greater army to attack Crusader States
Economic benefits – larger territory and population to tax, access to goods to trade, fertile land, access to African trade routes
Political benefits – increased legitimacy as a ruler by ruling more territory
Why was Egypt important to Amalric in the 1160s?
Military – to avoid being surrounded by Islamic territory
Economic benefits – larger territory and population to tax, access to goods to trade, fertile land, access to African trade routes
Political benefits – increased legitimacy as a ruler by ruling more territory
Name four figures who fought for control of Egypt in the 1160s
Nur, Shirkuh, Shawar, Amalric, Yusuf Ibn Ayyub
Who controlled Egypt by 1169?
Nur (Shirkuh as Vizier)
In what year from 1144-69 was the Islamic World at its greatest threat to the Crusader States? Why?
1169 – Nur has united Northern and Southern Syria, Northern Iraq and Egypt
