HUBS 191 Lecture 34 Flashcards
(13 cards)
white blood cells (leukocytes) are a minor component of blood along with…
plasma and red blood cells
DCs migrate from organs to _______ . they then get a free ride in liquid _______ to the lymph node
the draining lymph node - lymphatics
when a DC presents peptides on MHC to a T cell what do the T cells do
CD4 T cells help B cells make antibody and CD8 T cells become cytotoxin and kill virus infected cells
500 million years ago phagocytes evolved to keep remnants of pathogens and display these to other cells of the immune system. this was the beginning of the ________
adaptive immune system
how do the immune systems of vertebrates differ from those of invertebrates
invertebrates have innate immunity only - vertebrates have both adaptive and innate immune systems
instead of destroying everything into unidentifiable chemical in the phagolysosome…
we stop at peptides at about 10-15 amino acids long (non-living)
things from inside the cell are referred to as
endogenous - the origin of the antigen production is within the cell body
how do we detect viral infections inside the cell
when viruses enter the cell and start to make their proteins they overproduce proteins to do things as fast as possible. if a cell detects rapid protein production inside it and abnormal proteins it will feed the viral proteins into the proteasome
what is the function of the proteasome
proteins feed into the proteasome are chopped up into peptides which are about 10-20 amino acids long
why are abnormal protein produced by viral infections
some proteins are produced so fast they tangle up
how long do peptides from the proteasome last in the cytoplasm and where do they go
they last for nanoseconds in the cytoplasm before they are taken into the ER. from the ER they are attached to MHC-1 and shuttled to the cell surface
how does MHC-2 load peptide
once the microbial material has been broken down by the phagolysosome it is loaded onto MHC-2 which is present in the phagolysosome and sent to the cell surface
how does peptide loading differ for MHC-1 and MHC-2
in MHC-1 peptides are loaded in the ER
in MHC-2 peptides are loaded in the phagolysosome
