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HUBS 191 Lecture 37 Flashcards

(18 cards)

1
Q

what is SCID

A

severe combined immunodeficiency - an X linked disease in which patients lack function T and B cells

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2
Q

what does HIV stand for

A

human immunodeficiency virus

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3
Q

what are opportunistic pathogens

A

pathogens that are normally harmless to individuals with a healthy immune system but can cause disease in someone with a weakened immune system

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4
Q

what does HIV do to the body

A

it targets the CD4 molecule on CD4 cells and leads to the loss of CD4 T cells which impacts on immunity

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5
Q

what is rheumatoid arthritis

A

an autoimmune disorder that primarily affects joints - auto reactive T and B cells attack self antigens present in the joints

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6
Q

what causes diabetes type 1

A

the destruction of beta cells (insulin secreting cells) - other islet cell of the pancreas escape autoimmune attack

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7
Q

are autoimmune disease specific

A

some autoimmune diseases are so specific they target specific molecules whereas others are more generic and target whole organs

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8
Q

what are allergens

A

antigens that trigger allergy - these are normally harmless environmental antigens

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9
Q

how do chemicals induce allergy

A

by modifying proteins in our bodies so they look foreign to mast cells

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10
Q

in the beginning of the allergic response dendritic cells take up antigens and ________

A

activate CD4 T helper cells in the draining lymph node

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11
Q

during the allergic response CD4 T cells (that are allergen specific) provide cytokine help for _______________

A

B cells which are expressing antibody that can bind to an allergen - these B cells then form IgE secreting plasma cells

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12
Q

during the allergic response IgE binds to ______

A

Fc receptors on mast cells

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13
Q

during the allergic response peanut allergens trigger mast cells to release __________

A

histamines and other inflammatory mediators

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14
Q

a lot of cells have Fc receptors but mast cells have specific Fc receptors that recognise ____

A

IgE

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15
Q

antibody binding to antigen will induce a change in the antibody structure so it becomes _______

A

more tightly bound to the Fc receptors

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16
Q

FcR facilitate a number of functions including…

A

phagocytosis and mast cell activation

17
Q

how do we prevent free antibody from blocking up Fc receptors

A

the binding of antibody to antigen induces a conformational change in the antibody structure so it binds better to an FcR.

18
Q

when does class/isotype switching occur

A

during an immune response