HUBS 191 Lecture 38 Flashcards
(13 cards)
what is the process of neutrophils entering the blood from the bone marrow called
leukocytosis
what is margination
during an inflammatory response neutrophils clinging to the capillary wall
what is chemotaxis
during an inflammatory response when neutrophils follow chemical trails to the site of inflammation
how do we avoid inappropriate reaction of the immune system (autoimmunity)
for the immune system to move it have to activate both the MHC-1 and MHC-2 pathways
what are perforin and granzyme
enzymes that mediate apoptosis - perforin is a perforating enzyme that creates pores and granzyme is a killing enzymes that is injected into those pores
once the CTL has triggered apoptosis in a cell what happens within the cell
nucleic acids are broken down - the cell slowly shrinks and blebs are placed on the surface for phagocytosis - non of the virally infected DNA makes it out of the cell
what are helper T cells
CD4 T cells
once the antibody class switches can it go back
no
does class switching change the specificity of the antibody
no
what is clonal selection
the selective expansion of lymphocytes that interact wth antigen - during an immune response only the cels that interact productively with antigen will progress to differentiation
does clonal selection apply to T cells or B cells
both
what are some types of vaccines
live attenuated - killed - sub-unit proteins - sub-unit mRNA
what are adjuvants
immune stimulants added to vaccines that enhance the activation of antigen presenting cells (APC)
