How did Ferdinand use Henry in 1512?
Henry sent an army to Southwest France under the Marquis of Dorset. Ferdinand used it as a diversion to claim Navarre
What two towns did Henry conquer in the Battle of the Spurs in 1513?
Therouanne and Tournai
Who invaded England in the Battle of Flodden in 1513 and who was killed?
Scotland, James IV
Nothing was achieved in military adventures in 1513 but what were the effects. [3]
Henry had to liquidate his fathers assets to pay for the wars
A new Yorkshire rebellion nearly kicked off
Tournai was sold back to France for less than it cost to repair
How did Wolsey recover the situation with France in 1514? [2]
Recovered the Treaty of Etaples
Arranged the marriage between Mary and Louis XII
What 3 things sum up foreign policy between 1514 and 1526?
- England was a minor power compared to France and Spain
- Henry overestimated English power
- Anglo-Scottish and Anglo-French relations were dependent due to the Auld alliance
What were the consequences of Henry running out of money by 1514? [2]
Couldn’t exploit the weaknesses of Scotland after James IVs death
Had to make peace with the French
What treaty in 1516 left England isolated and who was it between?
The Treaty of Cambrai; France and Spain
How did Francis attempt to undermine Anglo-Scottish relations
Placed the Duke of Albany in Scotland, though he couldn’t take advantage due to divisions in the Scottish nobility
Why was the Treaty of London in 1518 signed by all European monarchs
As a treaty of perpetual peace to form a united front against the Ottoman Turks
When was the Field of the Cloth of Gold
June 1520
How much did the Field of the Cloth of Gold cost Henry’s treasury
£15,000
Why did Henry back Charles V in 1521 instead of Francis? [3]
Allowed him to improve relations with the Pope who wanted to reduce Frencch control of northern Italy
Believed he could gain French territory
Deal included a marriage between Mary and the Emperor
What happened in the Battle of Pavia in 1525?
The Emperors forces crushed the French
What were the effects of Wolseys trade embargo on Burgundy
Charles retaliation caused widespread unemployment and social problems in England
How did Charles ensure that Henry wouldn’t solve his marital issues in 1529?
Peace of Cambrai that reinforced the Popes political dependence on Charles
Why was there no short term repercussions to Henry’s break from Rome
Charles was preoccupied with dealing with the the threat posed by the Ottoman Turks
How was pressure on Henry reduced in 1536? [2]
Catherine and Anne’s death opened up a potential alliance with the Emperor
Renewal of tensions between Charles and Francis reduced the threat they both posed to England
Why was pressure intensified on Henry in 1538? [2]
Francis and Charles made peace and agreed to cut all links with England
The Pope sent envoys to France and Scotland to rouse support for a Catholic Crusade against Henry
When did Henry VIII remove Kildare from his post and what was the effect?
1534, sparked a major rebellion led by Kildares son
How did Henry try to pacify Ireland in 1541
Made it a separate Kingdom, imposing English law and creating counties out of Gaelic lordships
Why was the relationship after 1534 with Ireland much more complicated
There was the added religious differences
When was the Battle of Solway Moss and James V’s death?
1542
Who supported Henry’s attempted marriage between Edward and Mary Queen of Scots
Earl of Arran
When and how where Edward and Mary Queen of Scots formally betrothed?
In 1543 through the Treaty of Greenwich
When the Scottish Parliament refused to ratify Edward and Mary’s marriage, what did Henry do?
Sent the Earl of Herford to destroy Edinburgh and St Andrews
In 1544 Henry led a huge army to France with the aim of marching on (1) but only ended up capturing (2)
1 - Paris
2 - Boulogne
How did matters worsen with France in 1545? [3]
Francis sent troops to Scotland to threaten an invasion
The English were defeated at the Battle of Ancrum Moor
A separate French force went to the Isle of Wight
What had Henry been forced to do to fund the final war with France? [3]
Sell off much Crown land
Borrow huge amounts of money
Debase the coinage
Which child did the 1534 Succession Act declare illegitimate?
Mary
Which child did the 1536 Succession Act declare illegitimate?
Elizabeth
What did the 1543 Succession Act do?
Reinstated the legitimacy of Mary and Elizabeth
