hypothalamus and pituitary drugs

Question 1

What are the different vasopressin and oxytocin GPCRs?

Answer 1

V1a - PLC - vasoconstriction
V1B - PLC - ACTH release
V2 - adenylate cyclase - water reabsorption in DCT and CT
OT - PLC - inhibits adenylate cyclase

Question 2

Uses for oxytocin

Answer 2

stimulates labour, treats postpartum haemorrhage, nasal spray to aid lactation

Question 3

Uses for oxytocin receptor antagonists

Answer 3

premature labour

Question 4

Uses for vasopressin and vasopressin analogues?

Answer 4

treat ADH deficiency e.g. diabetes insipidus

Question 5

Uses for V-receptor antagonists

Answer 5

used in ADH excess, as in small cell carcinoma of the lung causing hypertension and fluid retention

Question 6

Uses for DA receptor agonists

Answer 6

used to treat prolactin excess

Question 7

ADRs of DA receptor agonists

Answer 7

nausea, vomiting, dizziness, postural hypotension

Question 8

uses for somatotrophin

Answer 8

treat GH deficiency and manage it in children

Question 9

ADRS of somatotrophin

Answer 9

muscle and joint pain, MS stiffness, local reactions, lipoatrophy, peripheral oedema and hypothyroidism

Question 10

uses for GH releasing factor

Answer 10

used in diagnosing test for GH release

Question 11

ADRs for GH releasing factor

Answer 11

HIV-related lipodystrophy

Question 12

when is surgery used?

Answer 12

1st option for acromegaly - GH excess

Question 13

Uses for DA receptor agonists?

Answer 13

treat acromegaly, works in 20% of cases (modulates GH levels - can increase or decrease GH levels)

Question 14

uses for somatostatin analogues?

Answer 14

treat acromegaly, longer lasting than somatostatin

Question 15

ADRs of somatostatin analogues?

Answer 15

hypothyroidism, injection site reactions, headaches, dizziness, GI upset

Question 16

MOA of GH receptor antagonists

Answer 16

stops GH effects on target tissues

Question 17

ADRs of GH receptor antagonists

Answer 17

injection site reactions, swollen limbs, chest pain, hypoglycaemia