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Keith's Cards > IFSTA(5th)-Chapter 4 > Flashcards

IFSTA(5th)-Chapter 4 Flashcards

0
Q

Assemblies(construction)

A

two or more interconnected structural members designed to meet a specific function
Examples: trusses/frames

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1
Q

NIOSH

A

national institute for occupational safety and health

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2
Q

Balloon frame

A

type of wood-frame construction that has continuous vertical studs in exterior walls that run from foundation to roof

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3
Q

Bar joist

A

joists made of steel usually found in office buildings.

high strength to weight ratio

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4
Q

Bowstring truss

A

roof assembly with an arched chord on top and a horizontal chord on the bottom of the truss assembly.

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5
Q

Butterfly Roof

A

v-shaped roof with the valley in the middle. not in cold weather locations.

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6
Q

Cantilever Beam

A

only one end is supported.

more susceptible to collapse

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7
Q

Chord

A

main structural members of a truss system that run the length of the truss. on the top and bottom separated by the diagonals.

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8
Q

Cockloft

A

open space between ceiling and roof. usually found in commercial occupancies with flat roofs.

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9
Q

Column

A

vertical supporting column

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10
Q

Course

A

horizontal layer of masonry units

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11
Q

Curtain Board

A

non-load bearing wall that runs down from the roof or ceiling to limit horizontal fire spread.

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12
Q

Curtain Walls

A

non-load bearing wall used as a weather barrier

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13
Q

Decking

A

planks or sheets of plywood or oriented strand board that form the base of a roof assembly.

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14
Q

Fire Door

A

fire rated door assembly that is designed to confine fire and is triggered to close upon fire alarm activation.

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15
Q

Fire Load

A

total potential heat release if all contents burn

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16
Q

Fire Wall

A

fire-rated wall that runs from the foundation to the roof to limit fire spread.

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17
Q

Gable Roof

A

pitched roof with sides sloping down to the eaves.

most common

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18
Q

Gable Wall

A

wall that rises to meet the ends of gable roofs

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19
Q

Gambrel Roof

A

single ridge roof with two different pitches on each side.

commonly found on barns

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20
Q

Girder

A

horizontal structure member used to support beams or joists.

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21
Q

Gusset Plate

A

wooden or metal plate used to join structural members.
most often used in trusses.
susceptible to early failure if just pressed in and not nailed or screwed

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22
Q

header course

A

course of bricks laid with the ends facing outward.

only used in unreinforced masonry.

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23
Q

Hip Roof

A

pitched roof where the ends are beveled

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24
Interstitial Space
accessible or inaccessible space between layers of building materials.
25
Joists
horizontal structure members that support a ceiling or floor
26
Mansard Roof
roof that has steep slopes that surround a flat section in the center
27
open web joist
joist constructed with a web of bars or tubes that do not fill the entire web space
28
OSB
oriented strand board | wooden structural panel formed by gluing and compressing wood strands together under pressure
29
parallel chord truss
truss with top and bottom chords parallel to each other.
30
Parapet Wall
wall at the edge of some roofs that extend above the roof.
31
Party Wall
load-bearing fire wall that is shared by two adjoining buildings.
32
Pitch
the slope of the roof
33
Plate
the top or bottom horizontal member of a frame wall.
34
Platform Construction
frame type construction in which each floor interrupts the exterior studs forming an effective fire stop at each floor. most common type of construction for residences.
35
Rafters
beams that support roof decking and run from ridge to the exterior wall plate.
36
Rated Assembly
an assembly of two or more construction components that has a specific fire-resistance rating.
37
Sawtooth Roof
a roof with a profile of vertical and sloping surfaces that resemble a saw blade.
38
Sheathing
plywood, OSB, or wooden planking applied to a roof or wall over which a weather-resistant covering is applied.
39
Shed Roof
a pitched roof that slopes in only one direction from the ridge.
40
Spalling
degradation
41
Stud
vertical structural member in a frame wall.
42
Tension
force that pulls the mass of a material apart
43
Truss
structural unit made up of one or more triangles in a flat plane.
44
Partition Wall
interior non-load bearing wall used to divide areas
45
The reaction of wood to fire conditions depends on two factors.
size and moisture content
46
Cantilever Walls
walls that extend beyond the structure that supports them.
47
Masonry
``` bricks blocks stones cement mortar concrete etc ```
48
Veneer Walls
walls with an attractive surface covering layer that is over a base of common material.
49
Cast Iron primary concern
bolts/connections can fail
50
Steel elongates when heated. At 1000 degrees F a 50' beam elongates _____. at this Temp. steel can fail!
4"
51
concrete warning signs
cracking or spalling
52
Gypsum
inorganic product from which plaster and drywall are constructed. it has a high water content and absorbs a lot of heat.
53
ICC
International Code Council
54
NFPA 5000
Building Construction and Safety Code
55
NFPA 220
Std. on Types of Building Construction
56
Type I
fire-resistive
57
Type II
non-combustible
58
Type III
ordinary
59
Type IV
heavy timber
60
Type V
wood frame
61
Type I - construction that _____
maintains its structural integrity during a fire.
62
Type II - construction made _____
of the same materials as type I except that the structural components lack the insulation or other protection of type I construction.
63
Type I strengths
resists flame impingement. confines fire. little collapse potential from fire alone. impervious to water damage.
64
Type I weaknesses
difficult to breach difficult to ventilate if collapse, massive debris retains heat
65
Type II strengths
almost as fire resistive as type I confines fire almost as structurally stable as type I easier to vertically ventilate than type I
66
Type II weaknesses
``` difficult to breach unprotected steel may fail roof systems less stable than type I steel components susceptible to rust/corrosion if collapse, massive debris ```
67
Type III - construction that ____
requires exterior walls and structural members be made of non-combustible or limited combustible materials.
68
Type III primary fire concern is ____
fire and smoke spread thru concealed spaces.
69
Type III strengths
resists fire spread from the outside | relatively easy to vertically ventilate
70
Type III weaknesses
interior structural members vulnerable to fire fire spread thru concealed spaces Susceptible to water damage
71
Type IV construction has interior structural members made of ____
solid or laminated wood with no concealed spaces with dimensions large enough to be considered heavy timber.
72
Heavy Timber construction requires exterior/interior structural members be ______ non-combustible or limited combustible
non-combustible or limited combustible
73
Type IV primary fire hazard is ____
massive amounts of combustible structural timbers in addition to the contents.
74
Type IV strengths
``` resists collapse structurally stable relatively easy to ventilate relatively easy to breach manageable debris if collapse ```
75
Type IV weaknesses
susceptible to fire spread from the outside. potential for fire spread to exposures. susceptible to rapid interior fire spread susceptible to water damage
76
Type V construction that has ____
exterior walls, load-bearing walls, floors, roofs, and supports made completely or partially of wood or other approved materials of smaller dimensions than heavy timber.
77
Type V strengths
easily breached collapse debris relatively easy to manage resistant to collapse from earthquake due to lightweight and flexibility
78
Type V weaknesses
susceptible to fire spread for outside susceptible to rapid fire spread inside susceptible to total collapse susceptible to water damage
79
Stucco
a durable finish for exterior walls usually made of cement, sand, and lime. it is applied wet. a fine plaster for interior ornamentation, molding.
80
Dead loads
hvac, water tanks, or other heavy objects on the roof.
81
2 dangerous types of conditions posed by a particular building
conditions that contribute to fire spread | conditions that contribute to collapse
82
Fire load
total amount of combustible material
83
Be wary of combustible ______ and _______ that contribute to fire spread.
furnishings | finishes
84
Roof covering materials
``` wooden shingles composition shingles wooden shakes rubber imitation tile steel imitation tile or shakes clay tile slate tin tar and gravel ```
85
_______ , even when treated with fire retardant can significantly contribute to fire spread. (roof material)
wood shakes
86
Name one main concern with large open spaces under fire conditions.
heat at roof level maybe extreme while floor level hat may be minimal.
87
Collapse Zone
distance extending horizontal from the base of the exterior wall. = 1.5 x height of the wall CZ = 1.5H
88
11 indicators of building collapse
cracks/separations in walls, floors, ceilings, roofs. tie rods/stars present. loose bricks, blocks, stones. deteriorated mortar. leaning walls distorted structural members fires beneath floors with heavy equipment. prolonged fire exposure creaking/cracking noises structural members pulling away from walls. excessive weight of contents
89
2 FF ops that may contribute to collapse are ______
improper vertical ventilation that cuts structural supports. | lots of water used during extinguishment can add large amounts of weight to the building.
90
Gang Nail
type of gusset plate made of metal that have points or prongs that penetrate about 3/8" into wood.
91
Unprotected lightweight trusses can fail after ____ minutes
5-10
92
Truss top chord is under _____ forces.
compression
93
Truss bottom chords are under ______ forces.
tension
94
If one member of a truss fails, the ______
entire truss is likely to fail
95
Rain Roof
a second roof put over an older deteriorated roof.

Keith's Cards (37 decks)

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