IFSTA(5th)-Chapter 8 Flashcards
1
Q
extrication is
A
removal/treatment of patients trapped by
some type of machinery/equipment.
2
Q
according to IFSTA, rescue covers all
incidents that require patient removal
other than _____ .
A
extrication
3
Q
rescue vs recovery
A
live person vs. dead or presumed dead
person
4
Q
according NFPA 1001, FFI are required to
know how to conduct _____ and setting up
_____ such as at highway incidents.
A
search and rescue ops in a structure.
safe working areas.
5
Q
9 Size up factors to look for at
structure fires are _____ .
A
time of day wind, rain what is burning? how much is burning? life safety for victims and FF exposures building construction hazmat resources available
6
Q
life line
A
tag line used by FF during search and rescue
7
Q
Do not enter a building fire if the conditions
that would appear to _____ viable victims.
A
preclude
8
Q
Do not enter building fire if _____ are
apparent until _____ is accomplished.
A
backdraft conditions
vertical ventilation
9
Q
15 structure fire search safety guidelines
A
monitor fire/building conditions use accountability system know secondary egress use life line teams of 2 or more search systematically stay low, crawl check doors for excessive heat before opening mark entry doors maintain contact with wall/hoseline/etc. have a charged hoseline if on the fire floor maintain radio contact coordinate with ventilation teams close doors of searched rooms report progress
10
Q
FF should _____ that all occupants are out
of the building until the building is searched.
A
not assume
11
Q
if possible, conduct _____ simultaneously
with initial fire attack.
A
primary interior search
12
Q
2 objectives to a building search
A
life safety
location/extent of fire
13
Q
primary search is a _____.
A
rapid/thorough search that is performed
before/or during fire suppression and must
be performed asap.
14
Q
secondary search is _____.
A
conducted after fire is “under control”.
it is slower and more thorough should be
conducted by different personnel from the
primary search.
15
Q
4 primary search priorities
A
1) most severely threatened
2) largest amounts of people
3) remainder of hazard zone
4 exposures
16
Q
In an IDLH, you must remain in _____ contact.
A
visual, voice, and physical
17
Q
if you cannot see your feet due to smoke,
you _____ .
A
should not be standing upright
18
Q
If descending stairs during a search,
descend _____ .
A
feet first
19
Q
If searching on the fire floor, where should
u start your search?
A
as close to the fire as possible.
20
Q
if searching, remember to check _____, under _____, and _____ doors.
A
ALL areas
windows
behind
21
Q
search the _____ of the room first and then
the _____ of the room.
A
perimeter
middle
22
Q
Search Line System consists of _____ with
_____ tied in to the rope every _____ .
A
a 200’ 3/8”rope with a Kevlar sheath.
2” steel rings
20’
23
Q
In the search line system, knots are tied
_____. the # of knots _____ the # of
rings that you have traveled.
A
after every ring.
matches
24
Q
knots are always tied _____ so that you
will know the _____ .
A
after each ring
direction of travel
25
the rings in the search line system can be
| used for _____ to the system.
lateral tethers
26
lateral tethers are _____ in length, have
_____ at the midpoint, a _____ tied to an
end, and have a _____ at the other end.
20'
knot
steel ring
carabiner
27
Who carries a search line system?
every member of the search team
28
If using a 3 man team for searching, the
1st man is the "_____", the 2nd man is the
"_____", and the 3rd maintains ______.
lead
navigator
communications
29
the "navigator" carries the _____.
handlight and/or TIC
30
In a Search Line System, the rope is _____
outside the search area with a ______ on it.
The rope bag is carried by the _____ ;
therefore, follow the rings to the _____.
anchored
company identifier
lead
exit
31
each search member has a _____ and a
| _____ wrapped around their wrist.
forcible entry tool
| lateral tether
32
During secondary searches, if a CO reading
is at least _____ than FF must continue to
wear _____.
50ppm
| SCBA
33
the 3 highest priority search floors in a
| multi-story building are _____ .
the fire floor
floor above the fire
the highest floor
34
do not block _____ and _____ during search.
access/egress points
| passageways
35
/ means the room is _____ .
being searched
36
X means the room has been _____.
searched
37
marking rooms for searching should be
| done on _____.
the lower third of the door.
38
Continually feel the _____ in front of you
with your hands/tools to make sure it is
_____ and their are no _____.
floor
intact
openings
39
when opening doors stay _____ and _____
while opening the doors _____. Remain on
the _____ side of outward opening doors.
low
outside
slowly
hinge
40
```
when declaring a Mayday, communicate
your _____ (6 things).
```
```
Assignment
Name
Approximate location
Reason for Mayday
Resources that would help you
Air supply
```
41
Male couplings have _____ on their shanks.
lugs
42
Female couplings have lugs on their _____.
swivels
43
if possible, when opening inward opening
doors, use a _____ so that u can close the
door quickly.
strap
44
any fire beyond the incipient phase is an
_____ atmosphere and a _____ must be
standing by per _____.
IDLH
RIC or RIT
29 CFR 1910.134
45
RIC or RIT is _____ and this is their _____.
2 or more fully equipped FF standing by
just outside the hazard zone as the
designated team to rescue downed FF.
only purpose
46
Suitably equipped means _____.
FFs equipped with at least the same PPEs
| and equipment as the interior FF crews.
47
Can their be multiple RIT teams?
yes, because there may be multiple FF
| teams performing interior FF ops.
48
Buddy breathing _____ recommended
is not
49
when you first get to a downed FF, you
| should _____. Then perform a rapid _____.
check his air supply
| medical evaluation
50
Radio transceivers can be used to find FF.
They transmit on _____ frequency and
have a range of about _____.
457khz
| 100'
51
Under realistic scenarios it often takes
_____ FF and _____ minutes to rescue a
downed FF.
12
| 20
52
3 drags for patient removal
incline
blanket
webbing
53
5 carries for patient removal
```
cradle in arms
seat lift carry
extremities lift carry
chair carry
3 person lift carry(bed to gurney)
```
54
Inverter
a step-up transformer that converts a 12
or 24 V DC current into 110 or 220 V AC
current.
55
2 advantages of an inverter
| 2 disadvantages of an inverter
fuel efficiency and low noise
| limited power and limited mobility
56
Generators can be ______ or ______.
portable
| vehicle mounted
57
Portable Generators are the most common
| and normally have _____ capacity
110 or 220V
58
Vehicle mounted generators have _____
but also are normally ______ and create
______.
more power
louder
exhaust
59
2 categories of lighting
portable
| fixed
60
portable lighting range from _____ watts.
300-1000
61
fixed lights are _____ to the vehicle and
| have a capacity ranging from _____ watts.
mounted
| 500-1500 per light
62
4 requirements for electric cables
waterproof
intrinsically safe
adequately insulated
no exposed wires
63
Junction boxes have _____ with _____
| input source.
multiple outlets
| 1
64
NFPA 70E
Std. for Electrical Safety in the Workplace
65
All outlets should be equipped with _____
| and meet NFPA _____.
ground fault circuit interrupters
| 70E
66
Electrical adapters are used to _____.
connect various devices to various
| outlets/devices
67
If fuel in a tank is _____ than it should be
| drained and replaced.
more than 3 weeks old (unless there is a
| fuel stabilizer)
68
Arc
luminous discharge of electricity across
| a gap
69
4 basic types of hydraulic tools
spreaders
shears/cutters
combination spreaders/cutters
rams
70
If a hydraulic power unit fails, use the _____.
manually operated hydraulic pump
71
Spreaders can be spread up to _____. With
| the use of _____they can be used to _____.
32"
chains
push or pull
72
Shears can be opened up to _____.
7"
73
Combination spreaders/shears typically
| provide less _____ and smaller ______.
power/capabilities
| opening ranges
74
Rams can be used to _____ as well as push.
pull
75
When used to close, a RAM provides only
| _____ the opening force.
about 1/2
76
porta-power system
uses a manually operated hydraulic pump
and a high pressure hose to connect to
various accessory tools.
77
4 disadvantages of manually operated
| hydraulic pumps
lower power
slower
limited range
labor intensive
78
primary advantage of the porta-power
| primary disadvantage is _____.
can be operated in narrow places
| time consuming and assembly of complex combos of accessories.
79
Remember to put a _____ under a
| hydraulic jack.
solid base plate
80
You might have to use ______ to create a
| solid footing for a hydraulic jack.
cribbing
81
3 types of mechanical jacks
bar screw jack
trench screw jack
ratchet-lever jack
82
ratchet-lever jacks are aka _____.
high jacks
83
Never work under a load only supported
| _____.
by a jack
84
Primary use of a bar screw jack
to hold an object in place
85
Trench screw jacks are used as _____ in
trenches and have _____ on each end and
an _____.
cross braces
swivel plates
adjusting handle
86
shoring
use of timber, jacks, struts, or other devices to temporarily support or hold forms, structural components, or sheeting against trench walls.
87
ratchet jacks consist of a _____ with _____
| and a ____ with 2 ratchets on the _____.
rigid I-beam
holes
jacking carriage
geared side
88
in ratchet jacks, one ratchet _____ and the
| other _____.
holds the carriage
| moves the carriage up or down
89
Ratchet jacks are the least _____ of jacks.
stable
90
Cribbing is
varying lengths of hardwood used to
| stabilize. wedges are included too.
91
3 Cribbing characteristics
solid
straight
free from knots or splits
92
Cribbing dimensions run from _____
2"x4"-6"x6" and up to 36" in length
93
Cribbing should not be _____ except on
| ends if used for ID.
painted
94
Plastic cribbing _____ than wood cribbing
| and is resistant to _____ and _____.
lasts many times longer
chemicals
splintering
95
Pneumatic tools used _____ for power.
compressed air
96
Never used compressed _____ with
| pneumatic tools.
O2
97
6 pneumatic tools
```
air chisel
pneumatic nail gun
impact wrenches
air knife
air vacuum
whizzer saw
```
98
air chisels operate between _____ psi.
90-250
99
air chisels use _____ and are good for
| cutting _____ and for _____.
interchangeable bits
medium to heavy gauge sheet metal
popping rivets and bolts
100
impact wrenches are better for _____ of
| machinery
disassembly
101
air knives are used to _____. when
operated at _____ psi they produce air
with a velocity close to _____ at the nozzle.
blast away surface dirt and create holes.
90-100
mach 2
102
air knives are also useful because they do
| not _____ or _____ underground pipes.
cut cables
| damage
103
air vacuums operate on _____ pressure
than air knives. they are used to pick up
loose soil around _____.
less
| patients
104
whizzer saws are used for _____ operations. they weigh about _____ and are good for cutting _____ and _____.
fine cutting
2#
case hardened locks
steel stock up to 3/4"
105
whizzer saws use _____ blades and operate at around _____ psi.
carborundum
| 90
106
Lifting/Pulling tools include
```
tripods
winches
come-alongs
chains
air bags
block and tackle systems
```
107
3 common drives for winches
electric
hydraulic
power take-off
108
Never use winches for _____ .
live person loads
109
If possible, you should be how far away
| from the winch?
the length of cable from the winch to the load
110
Try to position the winch _____ to the load.
as close as possible
111
come-alongs are _____ that are operated
| by _____.
portable cable winches
| manual ratchets
112
come-alongs range from _____ tons.
1-10
113
which chain is not used for rescue work?
proof coil chain,
| aka hardware chain or common chain.
114
3 types of lifting bags
low-pressure
medium-pressure
high-pressure
115
high-pressure air bags can range from
_____ in dimensions and can lift up to
_____.
6"x6" to 36"x36"
| 20"
116
low and medium-pressure air bags are
_____ than high pressure air bags and have
much ______ lifting distances. they can lift
up to ______.
much larger
larger
6'
117
14 safety rules for air bags
```
plan lift before starting
be familiar with equipment
follow manufacturer's recommendations
keep components in good condition
have adequate air supply/cribbing
position bags on solid surface
protect bags from sharp objects
inflate slowly and continuously monitor
never work under load supported ONLY
by air bags.
lift an ", crib an "
solid top layer if box cribbing supports bag
keep heat away from bags (up to 220F)
do not stack more than 2 bags
stack with smaller bag on top
```
118
if placing a material between air bag and
| load, use only _____.
pliable material such as a salvage cover
119
multi-cell lifting units are safer than _____ .
stacking single air bags
120
Block and Tackle refers to _____.
a series of pulleys contained within wood
or metal frames used with rope to provide
mechanical advantage.
121
"block" refers to the _____.
| "tackle" refers to the _____.
pulleys
| assembly of ropes
122
pulleys are AKA _____.
sheaves
123
Most common FD rescue is ______.
vehicle extrication
124
9 things to consider when approaching automobile accidents.
```
traffic hazards
utility hazards
fire hazard
hazardous materials
# of vehicles
type of vehicles
position of vehicles
how many victims?
do i need additional resources?
```
125
triage
sorting and classifying patients in medical
| treatment priority
126
goal of stabilization is to _____.
prevent unwanted movement
127
stabilization tools include _____.
```
chocks
struts
jacks
winches
cribbing
air bags
wedges
ropes, chains, webbing
```
128
chock
wooden, plastic, rubber, or metal block
constructed to fit the curvature of the tire
used to prevent rolling.
129
When using air bags, you must use _____
| as a supplement.
cribbing
130
lift an _____, crib an _____.
inch
| inch
131
Do not cut any ______ cables.
orange
132
Before disconnecting/shutting down
| power to car, ______.
lower windows, move seats, unlock doors
| as needed.
133
Turn off _____, remove ______, and ______
| when at automobile accidents.
ignition
key
set parking brake
134
When disconnecting the battery, cut the
_____ cable first, then the ______. Cut out
atleast a ______ section of each cable.
negative
positive
2"
135
Try before you _____.
pry
136
In automobiles, gain access to a patient via _____, ______, and then by _____.
opening doors
opening windows
cutting away parts of the vehicle
137
Reserve energy can maintain sufficient
voltage to deploy air bags up to ______
minutes after battery disconnection.
30
138
SIPS
side impact protection system
139
SRS
supplemental restraint system
140
Air bags can deploy at speeds up to _____.
200mph
141
Restraint systems can be operated _____.
both electrically and mechanically
142
During vehicle extrication, the vehicle is
| ______ and not the reverse.
removed from around the patient
143
patient packaging involves _____.(3 things)
bandaging wounds
applying splints
patient immobilization
144
laminated safety glass
consists of 2 sheets of glass that are
laminated to a sheet of plastic between
them under high temperature and pressure
145
laminated safety glass is normally found
| in _____.
windshields
146
tempered glass
glass specially treated so that it is harder
to break than plate glass or a single sheet
of laminated glass.
147
tempered glass is most commonly used
| in _____.
side windows and some rear windows
148
tempered glass is designed to break into
| ______
many small pieces
149
You want to _____ laminated glass to remove it.
cut away
150
use a ______ or a _____to remove tempered glass.
center punch
| sharp pointy object
151
Windshield should be removed by first,
| ______ and then the ______.
cutting the sides
| bottom of the windshield
152
To control broken tempered glass, you can
| use _____ or _____.
duct tape
| spray on adhesives
153
For 2 door cars, there is no _____ post.
B
154
unibody construction
where the frame and body of a vehicle is
| all one integral unit.
155
When the roof is removed from a unibody
| construction vehicle, a _____ should be placed to support the middle of the car.
step block or cribbing
156
Displacing a dashboard can be done by
| ______ only _____.
removing
| 1 door
157
NFPA 1670
Std. on Ops and Training for Tech. Search
| and Rescue Incidents. (Team)
158
"Technical Rescue" is _____.
the application of special knowledge, skills,
and equipment to safely resolve unique
and/or complex rescue situations.
159
Structures may collapse due to at least
| 5 things.
```
damage due to fire
damage due to weather(wind, rain, snow, etc.)
earthquakes and tsunamis
explosion
faulty engineering and design
```
160
Structures collapse in ______ patterns.
predictable
161
5 recognized patterns of structural collapse
```
A-frame
Cantilever
Lean-to
Pancake
V-shape
```
162
Pancake collapse are caused by the _____
| and is the least likely to contain _____.
simultaneous failure of exterior walls
| voids
163
```
V-shaped collapses occur when the
outer _____ remain _____ and the
_____ fail in the _____. This pattern
offers a good chance of _____
spaces being created along _____.
```
```
walls
intact
upper floors and/or roof structure
middle
habitable void
both outer walls
```
164
Lean-to collapses are when _____ while
the _____ remains _____. This will create a
_____ that may contain ______.
```
one outer wall fails
opposite wall
intact
large triangular void space
trapped victims
```
165
A-frame collapses occur when _____ into
what might seem as opposing _____.
This pattern has a good chance of void
spaces _____.
the floor and/or roof assemblies on both sides of center wall collapse into
lean-to collapses.
on both sides of the center wall
166
An A-frame collapse produces ______ in
| ______ along a _____.
voids
2 separate spaces
common wall
167
Cantilever collapse is when _____ of a
multi-story building collapse but leave
the _____ and _____ by the remaining ____.
This collapse is the _____ and is the most
vulnerable to _____.
```
one or more walls
floors attached
supported
walls
least stable
secondary collapse
```
168
secondary collapse
a collapse that occurs after the initial collapse
169
if searching for victims in a structural
| collapse you will concentrate on the _____
areas most likely to contain victims
| habitable voids spaces
170
6 most common means of locating victims
| in a structural collapse
```
hailing: calling out to them
TICs
electronically enhanced listening devices
short-distance radar or seismic devices
hand-held or robotic search cameras
search dogs
```
171
seismic devices detect _____ produced
| by _____.
minute vibrations
| victim movement
172
calling out to victims is good when used
in conjuction with a ______ and the
presence of _____.
physical search
| search dogs
173
11 structural collapse hazards
```
unstable, sharp, jagged debris
exposed re-bar
electrical hazards (exposed wiring)
damaged utilities (gas,water,electric)
hazmat
hazardous atmospheres
fire
darkness
confined spaces
heights
weather issues (temps, rain, wind, snow)
```
174
shoring is the ____
variety of means by which unstable
structures or parts of structures can be
stabilized
175
shoring is also the _____. It is not intended to
| _____ but just to _____.
```
process of preventing the sudden
movement of objects that are too large
to be moved in a timely manner.
move the heavy objects
stabilize them
```
176
7 Tools for Structural Collapse and Shoring
```
air bags and air cart
amkus tools
cribbing (wedges, blocks, step)
jacks
lumber and plywood
pneumatic hand tools
struts (pneumatic or mechanical)
```
177
Trench rescue's 1st major decision is to
| determine if it is a ______ or a _______.
rescue
| recovery
178
The 1st goal of Trench Rescue is to create
_____ to _____. It can be done with _____,
_____, _____, and _____.
```
a safe zone
protect rescuers and victims
plywood sheeting
planks
lumber
struts
```
179
Ladders should be placed _____ within a
trench and they should extend _____ above
the top of the trench.
at both ends of the safe zone
| at least 3'
180
4 minimum safety requirements for Trench Rescue
cordon off a 100' area around the trench
ladders on both sides of the safe zone
eliminate sources of vibration within 500'
stay away from the lips of the trench
181
if responding to an incident involving
electrical lines or equipment you must
assume _____
that all lines or equipment are energized
182
4 things to do for electrical incidents
1) assume all lines and equip. r energized
2) secure the scene and deny entry
3) call for power company to respond
4) allow only power company to cut lines
183
ground gradient is the _____ as it spreads
| across the ground.
loss of voltage in the electrical current
184
distance to stay away from a downed
| electrical line
the span distance between poles
185
if tingling in your feet as you approach a
| downed power line, then u _____ and ____.
put your feet together and hop away from the line
186
4 water rescue methods
reach
throw
row(boat ops)
go
187
unless there is a medical or fire emergency
| than _____ should be called to assist _____
elevator mechanics
| people trapped in elevators
188
escalators have _____ located _____ or
| _____ or _____.
manual stop switches
nearby both ends
at the base of the escalator
near where the handrail goes into the newel base.
189
primary search teams should carry these
| 4 pieces of equipment at the minimum
radios
lights
forcible entry tools
TIC
190
pneumatic nailers use compressed air to
drive nails into _____ or _____. they are
useful in creating _____ systems.
wood
masonry
shoring
