II-A. Systemic bacteriology | 18. Yersinia and Pasteurella genus

Question 1

I. Pasteurella genus
1. What are the features of Pasteurella genus?

Answer 1

Gram-negative, facultative anaerobic rods

Question 2

I. Pasteurella genus
2. What is the important species of Pasteurella genus

Answer 2

Pasteurella multocida

Question 3

I. Pasteurella genus
3. what is the source of infection for Pasteurella genus?

Answer 3

animals (zoonosis)

Question 4

I. Pasteurella genus
4. what is the route of transmission for Pasteurella genus?

Answer 4

route of transmission: usually through animal bite (cat, dog)
- animal salive could be infectious as well, even without bite!

Question 5

I. Pasteurella genus
5. what are the diseases caused by Pasteurella genus?

Answer 5

• soft tissue infections (wound infections)
• rarely systemic infections (endocarditis, meningitis, blood stream infection)

Question 6

I. Pasteurella genus
6. how should we diagnose Pasteurella genus?

Answer 6

• clinical signs and symptoms
• sampling: wound swab / aspirate, blood culture, CSF in systemic infectinos
• laboratory: culturing

Question 7

I. Pasteurella genus
7. What is the empirical therapy for Pasteurella genus?

Answer 7

• pathogens are usually sensitive to beta-lactam – beta-lactamase inhibitor combinations, cephalosporins, carbapenems
• pathogens are usually sensitive to lincosamides (clindamycin), fluoroquinolons (levofloxacin) as well

Question 8

II. Yersinia genus
1. What are the important species of Yersinia genus?

Answer 8

• Y. pestis
• Y. enterocolitica
• Y. pseudotuberculosis

Question 9

II. Yersinia genus - Yersinia pestis
2. What is Yersinia pestis?

Answer 9

pathogen of (black) plague

Question 10

II. Yersinia genus - Yersinia pestis
3. What is the source of infection of Yersinia pestis?

Answer 10

rodents (zoonotic disease!)

Question 11

II. Yersinia genus - Yersinia pestis
4. What is the route of transmission of Yersinia pestis?

Answer 11

by the bite of rat flea (generally)

Question 12

II. Yersinia genus - Yersinia pestis
5. Where can you find Yersinia pestis?

Answer 12

endemic regions in the Americas, in Asia

Question 13

II. Yersinia genus - Yersinia pestis
6. What are the disease forms of Yersinia pestis?

Answer 13

• bubonic plague (fever, headache, lymphadenopathy)
• septicaemic plague (fatigue, necrotic lesions)
• pulmonary plague (haemorrhagic necrotising pneumonia, sputum!)

Question 14

II. Yersinia genus - Yersinia pestis
7. What is the pathomechanism of Yersinia pestis?

Answer 14

as the bacterium reaches the lung becomes capable of to spread from human to human via respiratory droplets
* primary pulmonary plague in the infected ➡ epidemic starts

Question 15

II. Yersinia genus - Yersinia pestis
8. What is the diagnosis of Yersinia pestis?

Answer 15

Question 16

II. Yersinia genus - Yersinia pestis
9. What is the empirical therapy of Yersinia pestis?

Answer 16

aminoglycosides or tetracyclines immediately

Question 17

II. Yersinia genus - Yersinia pestis
10. What is the prevention of Yersinia pestis?

Answer 17

• rodent (and flea) control
• active immunisation (vaccine) in high risk areas
• isolation of the infected person!

Question 18

II. Yersinia genus - Yersinia enterocolitica
11. What’re the features of of Yersinia enterocolitica?

Answer 18

able proliferate at 4 C!
* may infect blood products (spread via transfusion!)

Question 19

II. Yersinia genus - Yersinia enterocolitica
13. What is the route of transmission of Yersinia enterocolitica?

Answer 19

through consumption contaminated food

Question 21

II. Yersinia genus - Yersinia enterocolitica
14. what are the diseases caused by Yersinia enterocolitica?

Answer 21

• gastroenteritis (diarrhoea), enterocolitis
• symptoms could mimic appendicitis symptoms!
• blood stream infection, sepsis (rarely)
• sequelae (arthritis, erythema nodosum)

Question 21

II. Yersinia genus - Yersinia enterocolitica
12. What is the source of infection of Yersinia enterocolitica?

Answer 21

swine, products of other animals (zoonosis)

Question 21

II. Yersinia genus - Yersinia enterocolitica
12. What is the source of infection of Yersinia enterocolitica?

Answer 21

swine, products of other animals (zoonosis)

Question 21

II. Yersinia genus - Yersinia enterocolitica
12. What is the source of infection of Yersinia enterocolitica?

Answer 21

swine, products of other animals (zoonosis)

Question 22

II. Yersinia genus - Yersinia enterocolitica
12. What is the source of infection of Yersinia enterocolitica?

Answer 22

swine, products of other animals (zoonosis)

Question 22

II. Yersinia genus - Yersinia enterocolitica 12. What is the source of infection of Yersinia enterocolitica?

Answer 22

swine, products of other animals (zoonosis)

Question 23

II. Yersinia genus - Yersinia enterocoliticaI 15. What is the diagnose for the diseases caused by Yersinia enterocolitica?

Answer 23

* based on clinical signs and symptoms, patient history * sampling: stool, blood (for serology) * laboratory: culturing of stool, serology from blood (ELISA)

Question 24

II. Yersinia genus - Yersinia enterocoliticaI 16. What is the empirical therapy for the diseases caused by Yersinia enterocolitica?

Answer 24

* supportive therapy in mild cases * cephalosporins (3. gen), trimetophrim-sulfamethoxazole, aminoglycosides in blood stream infections

Question 25

II. Yersinia genus - Yersinia pseudotuberculosis 1. What are the features of Yersinia pseudotuberculosis

Answer 25

it is probably the ancestor of Yersinia pestis * they are quite similar genetically!

Question 26

II. Yersinia genus - Yersinia pseudotuberculosis 2. What are the diseases caused by Yersinia pseudotuberculosis ?

Answer 26

* gastroenteritis (diarrhoea) * mesenterial lymphadenitis, appendicitis-like symptoms * blood stream infection (rarely)

Question 26

II. Yersinia genus - Yersinia pseudotuberculosis 3. How should we diagnosis Yersinia pseudotuberculosis

Answer 26

* based on clinical signs and symptoms, patient history * sampling: stool, blood (for serology) * laboratory: culturing of stool, serology from blood (ELISA)

Question 27

II. Yersinia genus - Yersinia pseudotuberculosis 4. What is the empirical therapy for Yersinia pseudotuberculosis

Answer 27

* supportive therapy in mild cases * cephalosporins(3. gen), trimetophrim-sulfamethoxazole, aminoglycosides in blood stream infections