III - A. Virology | 9. Adeno- and Poxviruses

Question 1

I. Adenoviruses
1. What are the genetic material and morphology of Adenoviruses?

Answer 1

• Double stranded DNA viruses
• Icosahedral shape
• (Surface: fibers: antigens, binding to cell, toxic effect)
• Non envelope – better survival in environment, outside human body

Question 2

I. Adenoviruses
2. How does Adenoviruses spread?

Answer 2

Question 3

I. Adenoviruses
3. What are the diseases caused by Adenoviruses?

Answer 3

1. Respiratory infections
   - Acute pharyngitis
   - Pharyngoconjunctival fever
   - Pneumonia
2. Other infections
   - Gastroenteritis
   - Conjuntivitis

Question 4

I. Adenoviruses
4A. What are the respiratory infections caused by Adenoviruses?

Answer 4

• Acute pharyngitis
• Pharyngoconjunctival fever
• Pneumonia

Question 5

I. Adenoviruses
4B. What are the features of acute pharyngitis?

Answer 5

• Frequent cause of acute infection of the throat
• Pain, fever, muscle ache, coughing

Question 6

I. Adenoviruses
4C. What are the features of Pharyngoconjunctival fever?

Answer 6

• Mostly in children, small epidemics are possible
• Pharyngitis with conjunctivitis – red, watery eye and throat pain

Question 7

I. Adenoviruses
4D. What are the features of pneumonia?

Answer 7

• Viral pneumonia may develop as complication of upper respiratory tract infection
• May cause pertussis-like symptoms

Question 8

I. Adenoviruses
5A. What are other infections caused by Adenoviruses (not respiratory infections)?

Answer 8

1. Gastroenteritis
2. Conjunctivitis

Question 9

I. Adenoviruses
5B. What are the features of gastroenteritis caused by Adenoviruses?

Answer 9

• Vomiting, watery diarrhea – frequent cause
• Epidemics in communities of children
• Risk: dehydration – replacement of lost fluids, orally or in IV form

Question 10

I. Adenoviruses
5C. What are the features of conjunctivitis caused by Adenoviruses?

Answer 10

• Red eye, watery discharge, itching, photophobia
• Small epidemics

Question 11

I. Adenoviruses
6. What are the diagnosis for adenovirus infections?

Answer 11

• Usually based on clinical findings, lab diagnostics rarely
• PCR, serology

Question 12

I. Adenoviruses
7. What is the treatment for adenoviruses infections?

Answer 12

not available, usually self-limiting

Question 13

I. Adenoviruses
8. What is the vaccination for adenoviruses infections?

Answer 13

VACCINATION is not available to prevent adenovirus infections
=> BUT adenoviruses are used in VACCINATION AGAINST OTHER VIRUSES!

Question 14

I. Adenoviruses
9. What is the application of adenoviruses in medical treatment?

Answer 14

• Adenoviruses are used in VACCINATION AGAINST OTHER VIRUSES!
• adenoviruses of animals with limited infectivity in humans are used as vectors to deliver
  nucleic acid encoding antigens of other viruses to host cells
• Eg. SARS-CoV2 vaccines: Sputnik and AstraZeneca

Question 15

I. Adenoviruses
9. What is the application of adenoviruses in medical treatment?

Question 16

II. Poxviruses
1. What are the genetic material and morphology of Poxviruses?

Answer 16

• dsDNA genome
• complex capsid
• enveloped viruses

Question 17

II. Poxviruses
2. What are the 4 human pathogen poxviruses?

Answer 17

• variola virus
• cowpox virus
• vaccinia virus
• molluscum contagiosum virus

Question 18

II. Poxviruses - variola virus
1. What are the features of variola virus?

Answer 18

• cause of smallpox (variola vera)
• 2 different viruses with slightly different diseases (variola major és variola minor)

Question 19

II. Poxviruses - variola virus
2. What is the source of infection of variola virus?

Answer 19

exanthemes of the infected individual

Question 21

II. Poxviruses - variola virus
3. What is the route of transmission of variola virus?

Answer 21

infects the upper respiratory tract at first

Question 21

II. Poxviruses - variola virus
4. What is the pathomechanism of variola virus?

Answer 21

• enters the lympatic system the the blood (primer viraemia)
• during secunder viraemia it infects the internal organs, mucosal surfaces and
  the skin

Question 22

II. Poxviruses - variola virus
5. What are the signs and symptoms of disease caused by variola virus? (small pox?

Answer 22

• vesicles, exanthems
  => necrotising then scaring

Question 23

II. Poxviruses - variola virus
6. What is the disease prognosis of variola virus?

Answer 23

• 3 died out of 10 infected
• asymptomatic infection was not typical

Question 24

II. Poxviruses - variola virus
7. What is the diagnostics of variola virus?

Answer 24

• sampling from the lesions
• direct EM or PCR

Question 25

II. Poxviruses - variola virus 8. History of variola

Answer 25

Question 26

II. Poxviruses - variola virus 9. What is the therapy for disease caused by variola virus?

Answer 26

therapy (if somehow re-emerges) * vaccinia immunoglobulins (substracted from the blood of vaccinated individuals) * cidofovir or methisazone

Question 27

II. Poxviruses - cowpox virus 10. What is the disease caused by cowpox virus?

Answer 27

causes exanthems on the udder of cattle

Question 28

II. Poxviruses - cowpox virus 11. What is the route of infection of cowpox virus?

Answer 28

through microfractures of the skin during milking

Question 29

II. Poxviruses - cowpox virus 12. What are the signs and symptoms of disease caused by cowpox virus?

Answer 29

* ulcerating pustules * fever * lymphadenitis

Question 30

II. Poxviruses - cowpox virus 13. What is the important of cowpox virus?

Answer 30

* smallpox was somehow milder in milkmaids infected by cowpox * Edward Jenner was the first to use cowpox for vaccination against smallpox

Question 31

II. Poxviruses - vaccinia virus 14. What are the features of vaccinia virus?

Answer 31

1. The virus selected from the cowpox virus through centuries of laboratory cultivation as it was used for vaccination 2. inoculated the individual through the scaring of the skin - ulceration appeared locally - rarely the vaccinia virus itself could cause smallpox like symptoms

Question 32

II. Poxviruses - molluscum contagiosum virus 15. What is the disease caused by molluscum contagiosum virus?

Answer 32

- cause of molluscum congatiosum - slowly progressing - heals spontaneously - in AIDS patients and in patients with dermatitis atopica can generalize to the entire body

Question 33

II. Poxviruses - molluscum contagiosum virus 16. What is the source of infection of molluscum contagiosum virus?

Answer 33

infected individual

Question 34

II. Poxviruses - molluscum contagiosum virus 17. What is the route of transmission of molluscum contagiosum virus?

Answer 34

- through direct contact - sexual transmission

Question 34

II. Poxviruses - molluscum contagiosum virus 18. What are the signs and symptoms of molluscum contagiosum virus?

Answer 34

small, white-pink papules, with a central pit