III - A. Virology | 13. Picorna and Caliciviruses

Question 1

I. Picornaviruses
1. What are the features of Picornaviruses? (include genetic material and morphology)

Answer 1

• Name: Pico-RNA: „small RNA viruses”
• Non-enveloped viruses: resistance to environmental conditions

Question 2

I

Question 3

I. Picornaviruses
2. How do Picornaviruses spread?

Answer 3

from the environment, mostly feco-orally

Question 4

I. Picornaviruses
3A. What are the most important picornaviruses?

Answer 4

Question 5

I. Picornaviruses
3B. What are the most important Picornaviruses of enterovirus genus?

Answer 5

• Poliovirus
• Coxsackie A & B viruses
• Rhinoviruses

Question 6

I. Picornaviruses
3C. What are the most important Picornaviruses of hepatovirus genus?

Answer 6

• Hepatitis A virus

Question 7

I. Picornaviruses - poliovirus
4A. What are the features of poliovirus?

Answer 7

• Belongs to Enterovirus genus
• Does not cause enteric disease!!

Question 8

I. Picornaviruses - poliovirus
4B. How does poliovirus spread?

Answer 8

• Sheds and spread from the enteric system with stool – fecooral infection
• Resistant to environmental factors and acids
• Poor hygiene/sanitation enhances the spread

Question 9

I. Picornaviruses - poliovirus
4C. What are the symptoms of poliovirus?

Answer 9

• Most of the infections are asymptomatic
• Can lead to severe central nervous system infection with paralysis and death
• Eradicated from most of world via vaccination

Question 10

I. Picornaviruses - poliovirus
4D. What is the Clinical presentation of poliovirus?

Answer 10

Question 11

I. Picornaviruses - poliovirus
4E1. What are the diseases caused by poliovirus?

Answer 11

POLIOMYELITIS – PARALYTIC POLIO

Question 12

I. Picornaviruses - poliovirus
4E2. What are the features of poliomyelitis - paralytic polio?

Answer 12

Question 13

I. Picornaviruses - poliovirus
4E3. what is Post-polio syndrome?

Answer 13

progressive muscle weakness in polio survivors decades later

Question 14

I. Picornaviruses - poliovirus
4F. How do we prevent disease caused by poliovirus (poliomyelitis)?

Answer 14

Question 15

I. Picornaviruses - poliovirus
4G. What is the diagnosis for disease caused by poliovirus (poliomyelitis)?

Answer 15

PCR from CSF

Question 16

I. Picornaviruses - poliovirus
4i. What is the treatment for disease caused by poliovirus (poliomyelitis)?

Answer 16

• No antiviral therapy
• Ventilation, physiotherapy, surgery for contractures

Question 17

I. Picornaviruses - rhinovirus
5A. What are the features of rhinovirus?

Answer 17

• Name: „Rhinos”: nose in Greek
• More than 100 serotypes – we can get infected that many times
• Very frequent infections

Question 18

I. Picornaviruses - rhinovirus
5B. How does rhinovirus spread?

Answer 18

Spread: respiratory droplets, contaminated hands

Question 19

I. Picornaviruses - rhinovirus
5C1. What is the clinical representation of rhinovirus?

Answer 19

Clinical representation: RHINITIS / COMMON COLD
- Nasal discharge, nasal obstruction, sneezing, coughing
- Self-limiting infection, last ~ 1 week
- Tx: no specific treatment; analgesics, decongestants

Question 20

I. Picornaviruses - rhinovirus
5C2. What is the treatment for rhinovirus?

Answer 20

no specific treatment; analgesics, decongestants

Question 21

I. Picornaviruses - Coxsackie A and B viruses
6A. What are the features of Coxsackie A and B viruses?

Answer 21

Worldwide distribution, mostly affecting children

Question 22

I. Picornaviruses - Coxsackie A and B viruses
6B. How does Coxsackie A and B viruses spread?

Answer 22

respiratory droplets and feco-oral route

Question 23

I. Picornaviruses - Coxsackie A
6C1. What are the 3 diseases caused by Coxsackie A?

Answer 23

• HERPANGINA
• CONJUNCTIVITIS
• HAND, FOOT, AND MOUTH DISEASE

Question 24

I. Picornaviruses - Coxsackie A
6C2. What are the symptoms and treatment for HERPANGINA caused by Coxsackie A?

Answer 24

• Mostly affects children
• Sy: High fever, sore throat, herpes-like oral vesicules
• Tx: self-limiting, analgestics

Question 25

I. Picornaviruses - Coxsackie A 6C3. What is CONJUNCTIVITIS?

Answer 25

Acute hemorrhagic eye infection, pain, swollen eyelids

Question 26

I. Picornaviruses - Coxsackie A 6C4. What are the symptoms and treatment for HAND, FOOT, AND MOUTH DISEASE caused by Coxsackie A?

Answer 26

Question 27

I. Picornaviruses - Coxsackie B 7A. What are the 2 diseases caused by Coxsackie B?

Answer 27

1. Pleurodynia 2. Myocarditis

Question 28

I. Picornaviruses - Coxsackie B 7B. What are the features, symptoms and treatment for

Question 28

I. Picornaviruses - Coxsackie B 7B. What are the features, symptoms and treatment for Pleurodynia caused by Coxsackie B?

Answer 28

Question 29

I. Picornaviruses - Coxsackie B 7C. What are the features, symptoms and treatment for myocarditis caused by Coxsackie B?

Answer 29

Question 30

I. Picornaviruses 8. Make a summary of diseases caused by COXSACKIE A AND B VIRUSES?

Answer 30

Question 31

II. caliciviruses 1. What are the genetic material and morphology of caliciviruses?

Answer 31

RNA viruses, no envelope - resistant

Question 32

II. caliciviruses 2. How does caliciviruses spread?

Answer 32

Question 33

II. caliciviruses 3. What is the clinical presentation of caliciviruses?

Answer 33

Question 34

II. caliciviruses 4. What is the diagnosis for caliciviruses?

Answer 34

- based on symptoms - rarely PCR from stool

Question 35

II. caliciviruses 5. What is the treatment for caliciviruses?

Answer 35

replacement of lost fluids => IV infusion if needed

Question 36

III. Extra 1. Make a summary of enteric viruses

Answer 36

Picornaviruses and caliciviruses

Question 37

III. Extra 2. What is Diagnostics of viral infections?

Answer 37

PCR and/or serology

Question 38

III. Extra 3. What is Treatment of viral infections?

Answer 38

Usually nothing available - Except eg. HIV, hepatitis B, C, herpesvirus, influenza

Question 39

III. Extra 4. What is prevention of viral infections?

Answer 39

Vaccination !