Study aid part (97 - 137)

Question 1

97. What is the causative agent of diphtheria?

Answer 1

a. Corynebacterium diphtheriae.

Question 2

98. How can be detected the toxin of Corynebacterium diphtheriae?

Answer 2

By Elek’s-test, Römer-test (in guinea pig).

Question 3

99. What is the treatment of diphtheria?

Answer 3

Passive immunisation, giving antibiotics, artificial ventilation if is necessary.

Question 4

100. Which bacteria belong to diphtheroid group? (2 examples)

Answer 4

Corynebacterium pseudodiphtheriticum, Corynebacterium ulcerans, Corynebacterium minutissimum, Corynebacterium urealyticum.

Question 5

101. What are the diseases caused by Listeria monocytogenes?

Answer 5

Meningitis, sepsis, granulomatosis infantiseptica.

Question 6

102. What are the diseases caused by Listeria monocytogenes in adults?

Answer 6

Gastrointestinal symptoms, meningitis, sepsis, endocarditis

Question 7

103. What is the treatment of Listeriosis?

Answer 7

Ampicillin-gentamicin is the drug of choice.

Question 8

104. Which bacteria can cause dental decay?

Answer 8

Lactobacilli and Streptococcus mutans.

Question 9

105. Which bacteria can cause human tuberculosis? (3 examples)

Answer 9

Mycobacterium tuberculosis, mycobacterium bovis, Mycobacterium africanum.

Question 10

106. What kind of staining can be used to stain mycobacteria?

Answer 10

Ziehl-Neelsen staining.

Question 11

107. How long can be cultivated the causative agent of human tuberculosis on Lowenstein-culture media?

Answer 11

6-8 weeks.

Question 12

108. How can be prevented the human tuberculosis?

Answer 12

By BCG vaccine.

Question 13

109. What are the facultative pathogenic mycobacteria? (2 examples)

Answer 13

Mycobacterium avium komplex, Mycobacterium kansasii, Mycobacterium marinum, Mycobacterium ulcerans.

Question 14

110. Which mycobacteria is apathogenic?

Answer 14

Mycobacterium smegmatis.

Question 15

111. What is the causative agent of leprosy?

Answer 15

Mycobacterium leprae.

Question 16

112. What are the types of leprosy?

Answer 16

Tuberculoid and lepromatosus leprosy.

Question 17

113. What is the treatment of leprosy?

Answer 17

Dapson, clofazamin, rifampicin.

Question 18

114. What are the most important Actinomyces species? (1 example)

Answer 18

Actinomyces israelii, Actinomyces naeslundii, Actinomyces odontolyticus.

Question 19

115. Which E. coli can be toxin producer? (3 examples)

Answer 19

ETEC, EPEC, EAEC, EIEC, EHEC

Question 20

116. What kind of extra intestinal disease can be caused by Escherichia coli?

Answer 20

Urinary tract infections, neonatal meningitis, sepsis.

Question 21

117. What are the causative agent of typhoid fever? (4 examples)

Answer 21

Salmonella Typhi and Salmonella Paratyphi A, B, C.

Question 22

118. Which bacteria can cause salmonellosis?

Answer 22

Salmonella Enteritidis, Salmonella Typhimurium, Salmonella Choleraesuis

Question 23

119. What is the causative agent of dysentery? (2 examples)

Answer 23

Shigella dysenteriae, Shigella flexneri, Shigella sonnei.

Question 24

120. Which bacterium is the causative agent of plague?

Answer 24

Yersinia pestis.

Question 25

121. What is the spreading way of the plague?

Answer 25

By the bite of the rat flea, by respiratory droplets.

Question 26

122. What are the diseases caused by Klebsiella pneumoniae?

Answer 26

Lobar (Friedländer) pneumonia, wound infection, bloodstream infection, urinary tract infection.

Question 27

123. What is the causative agent of cholera?

Answer 27

Vibrio cholerae

Question 28

124. What kind of Vibrio species can cause human diseases? (3 examples)

Answer 28

Vibrio cholera, Vibrio parahaemolyticus, Vibrio vulnificus.

Question 29

125. What are the characteristic biochemical properties of Pseudomonas aeruginosa?

Answer 29

Obligate aerobic, oxidase positive.

Question 30

126. Colony morphology of Pseudomonas aeruginosa?

Answer 30

Bacteria can produce water-soluble pigment that stain the culture media, the colonies have grape like smells.

Question 31

127. Microscopic morphology of Pseudomonas aeruginosa?

Answer 31

Gram-negative rod.

Question 32

128. What are the most frequent diseases caused by Pseudomas aeruginosa?

Answer 32

Nosocomial lung infections, wound and blood stream infections.

Question 33

129. What is the treatment of the diseases cause by Pseudomonas aeruginosa?

Answer 33

Multiresistant, based on antibiogram.

Question 34

130. What is the most common source of the infection caused by Acinetobacter baumanii?

Answer 34

Hospital environment.

Question 35

131. What does MACI mean in microbiology?

Answer 35

Multiresistant Acinetobacter baumannii

Question 36

132. How can Legionella pneumophila spread?

Answer 36

By aerosol.

Question 37

133. What is the diagnosis of Legionellosis?

Answer 37

By serology from blood, by immune chromatography from urine.

Question 38

134. Which bacterium can cause chronic gastritis or stomach ulcer?

Answer 38

Helicobacter pylori.

Question 39

135. What is the most important cultivable anaerobic member of the normal flora of the large bowel?

Answer 39

Bacteroides fragilis.

Question 40

136. Which genera belongs to the Spirochaetales order?

Answer 40

Treponema, Borrelia, Leptospira.

Question 41

137. What are the causative agents of Plaut-vincent angina?

Answer 41

Treponema vincentii and Fusobacteria.

Question 42

140. What is the first symptom in syphilis?