IIA. Systemic Bacteriology | 3. Streptococci in the oral cavity. S. mutans and caries. Flashcards

(29 cards)

1
Q

I. Basics
1. Where can we find Streptococci?

A

● Streptococci are found everywhere, but have dominant appearance in oral cavity and upper respiratory tract

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2
Q

I. Basics
1. Give the classification of streptoccoci

A
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3
Q

I. Basics
2A. Give the classification of streptoccoci

A
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4
Q

I. Basics
2B. What are the types of streptocci based on Hemolysis on Blood Agar?

A
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5
Q

I. Basics
2C. What are the types of streptocci based on Lancefield classification?

A

2) Lancefield classification ( → based on group-specific antigens present on cell wall)
- Identified using polystyrene latex particles coated with group-specific antibodies

(+): latex particles agglutinate strongly in the presence of homologous antigen
(-): remain in smooth suspension in the absence of homologous antigen

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6
Q

I. Basics
3. What is Pulpal Necrosis?

A
  • Intolerable irritation of the pulp → necrosis
  • Pulp exposure to a range of irritans: caries, trauma, chemica, thermic effect
  • No symptoms
  • X-ray may be negative
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7
Q

II. Viridans streptococci
1. What are the features of Viridans streptococci?

A
  • Normal flora of the oral cavity and pharynx
  • S. mutans, S. mitis, S. sanguis, S. oralis, S. salivarius
  • α-hemolysis
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8
Q

II. Viridans streptococci
2. What are the infections caused by Viridans streptococci?

A
  1. subacute bacterial endocarditis (heart valves)
    - due to major oral surgery, tooth extraction
    - antibiotic chemoprophylaxis!
  2. caries ! (S. mutans mainly)
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9
Q

III. Bacteria isolated from necrotic pulp
1. What are the Obligate anaerobes?

A
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10
Q

III. Bacteria isolated from necrotic pulp
2. What are the featues of Acute periapical periodontitis?

A

From necrositized pulp due ot the progression of dental caries

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11
Q

III. Bacteria isolated from necrotic pulp
3. What are the featues of Chronic periapical periodontitis?

A

Chronic periapical periodontitis
→ periapical granuloma – osteoporosis around the teeth apex with defined line, teeth will be grey without symptoms

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12
Q

III. Bacteria isolated from necrotic pulp
4. What are the features of Dentoalveolar Abscess?

A

Dentoalveolar Abscess – collection of pus in the pulp or around the root of the teeth
- Remain localized at the root apex and develop into either an acute or chronic abscess or may spread into surrounding tissues

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13
Q

IV. Dentoalveolar Abscess
1. What are the 2 types of anaerobes?

A
  • Facultative anaerobes
  • Obligate anaerobes
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14
Q

IV. Dentoalveolar Abscess
2. What are the Facultative anaerobes that are related to Dentoalveolar Abscess?

A
  1. Gram-positive cocci → Streptococcus mutans group
    - Streptococcus mitis group
    - Streptococcus anginosus group
  2. Gram-positive rod → Lactobacillus spp.
    - Actinomyces spp.
  3. Gram-negative coccobacilli → Haemophilus spp.
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15
Q

IV. Dentoalveolar Abscess
3. What are the Obligate anaerobes that are related to Dentoalveolar Abscess?

A
  1. Gram-positive cocci → Peptostreptococcus sp.
  2. Gram-negative cocci Veillonella spp.
  3. Gram-negative rods Porphyromonas gingivalis
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16
Q

IV. Dentoalveolar Abscess
4. What are the types of Gram-negative rods Porphyromonas gingivalis?

A
  • Porphyromonas endodontalis
  • Prevotella oralis
  • Prevotella intermedia
  • Prevotella melaninogenica
  • Fusobacterium nucleatum
17
Q

V. Osteomyelitis of the Jaw
1. What are the features of Osteomyelitis of the Jaw?

A
  • Inflammation of the medullary cavity of the mandible or maxilla
  • From dentoalveolar infection or trauma
  • Spontaneously pain , tooth motility , Fever
18
Q

V. Osteomyelitis of the Jaw
2. What are the anaerobes causing Osteomyelitis of the Jaw

A

Endogenous anaerobes are the most common isolates
○ Bacteriodes
○ Prevotella
○ Porphyromonas
○ Streptococcus

19
Q

VI. What are the features of Ludwig’s Angina?

A

● Secondary to a dental abscess or follows tooth extraction
● Cellulitis of the fascial spaces
● Infection spread to spaces in the neck becomes tense and hard
● Septic fever, Edema, bad breath

20
Q

VI. Periodontal Disease
1. What is Periodontal Disease?

A

Disorders of supporting structures of the teeth – gingivae, periodontal ligament and supporting alveolar bone

21
Q

VI. Periodontal Disease
2. What are host tissues of Periodontal Disease?

A

gingivae, periodontal ligament, cementum and alveolar bone

22
Q

VI. Periodontal Disease
3. What are Host defense factors of Periodontal Disease?

A

Healthy gingiva contain small number of PMN leukocytes
○ Increase in numbers during onset on gingivitis and periodontitis
○ The PMN leukocytes may have both a protective and a damaging effect on host tissues
○ Hypersensitivity reaction can damage the host tissue

23
Q

VI. Periodontal Disease
3. What are Microorganisms that cause Periodontal Disease

A

dental plaque essential for etiology of common forms of gingivitis and periodontitis
- Microflora
■ Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans
■ Tannerella forsythensis
■ Porphyromonas gingivalis
■ Prevotella intermedia/nigrescens
■ Campylobacter rectus
■ Fusobacterium nucleatum
■ Peptostreptococcus micros
■ Treponema spp.

24
Q

VII. Strep. Mutans
1. What are the features of Strep. Mutans?

A

● Facultative anaerobic, gram positive cocci
● Big contributor to dental decay and caries, it is naturally present
● Mainly found on pits and fissures of teeth in dental plaque
● 39% of total streptococci in oral cavity
● Prevention: good oral hygiene
● Treatment: fluoride – interfere with bacteria adherence

25
VII. Dental plaque 1. What is Dental caries?
Dental caries is the destruction of the enamel, dentin or cementum of teeth due to bacterial activities.
26
VII. Dental plaque 2. Which bacteria are associated with the initiation of dental caries?
Streptococcus mutans and Streptococcus sanguis are most consistently been associated with the initiation of dental caries. => They can directly ferment sacharose (the sugar we are eating) and form a specific slimy polysaccharide (glucane) of it, forming a biofilm on tooth enamel.
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VII. Dental plaque 3. What are the features of Lactobacilli?
Lactobacilli can colonise the plaque and produce lactic acid from the fermentation of sugars and other carbohydrates in the diet of the host.
28
VII. Dental plaque 4. How are caries initiated?
Caries are initiated by direct demineralization of the enamel of teeth due to lactic acid and other organic acids which accumulate in dental plaque.
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VII. Dental plaque 4. How are caries initiated?
Caries are initiated by direct demineralization of the enamel of teeth due to lactic acid and other organic acids which accumulate in dental plaque.