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Immuno Block Mid Term 1 > Immune Case Disorders > Flashcards

Immune Case Disorders Flashcards

1
Q

CGD defect/abnormality

A

nadph oxidase component defective in oxidative burst…

genetic linkage

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2
Q

CGD clinical presentation

A

recurrent bacterial and fungal infections, usually catalase positive organisms like staph aureus and aspergillus

use flow cytometry and NBT test for testing

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3
Q

NBT test

A

test function of oxidative burst in neutrophils…good for CDG

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4
Q

congenital neutropenia defect

A

low numbers of neutrophils from birth

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5
Q

congenital neutropenia clinical presentation

A

recurrent bacterial infections usually in ear throat or skin

staph and strep

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6
Q

congenital neutropenia assays

A

genetic mutation testing and bone marrow evaluation

can also ask about when umbilical detached cause neutrophils in charge of that so likely it was late

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7
Q

Leukocyte adhesion deficiency defect

A

problems with adhesion to vasculature, chemotaxis, and migration

genetic issues possible

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8
Q

Leukocyte adhesion deficiency clinical presentation

A

recurrent bacterial infections with no pus and poor wound healing

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9
Q

Leukocyte adhesion deficiency assay/confirmation

A

for LAD1 genetic issue will not have CD11 or CD18 on leukocytes

integrin assay

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10
Q

antibiotic or virus induced neutropenia defect

A

varies can be marrow suppression, antibody against neutrophils, hypersplenism, drug toxicity, peripheral destruction

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11
Q

antibiotic or virus induced neutropenia clinical presentation

A

increased risk of bacterial and fungal infection

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12
Q

antibiotic or virus induced neutropenia assays/confirmation

A

usually resolves itself over time, but can do marrow eval and assays for neutrophil antibodies

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13
Q

cyclic neutropenia defect

A

subset of congenital neutropenia…have mutation in neutrophil Elastase gene (ELANE)

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14
Q

cyclic neutropenia clinical presentation

A

recurrent fevers, usually 21 day cycles, bacterial infections with +/- bacteria

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15
Q

cyclic neutropenia assays/determination

A

cycle documentation…gene testing

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16
Q

Chediak Higashi syndrome

A

rare autosomal recessive disease
recurrent bacterial infections plus oculocutaneous albinism and neurologic defects coagulation defects

leukocytes and platelets have giant cytoplasmic granules

17
Q

autoimmune neutropenias

A

due to antibodies against various cell types

18
Q

mitogen testing

A

tests the functionality of T cells

19
Q

possible issues with T cells?

A

low number or inadequate functions

20
Q

DiGeorges Sydrome clinical presentation

A

dus to thymus aplasia, but also have cleft lip or palate, truncuc arteriosus (low oxygen levels), low calcium levels due to no parathyroid, and most importantly T cell deficiency

21
Q

Digeorges syndrome defect

A

defective development of the pharyngeal pouch system leads to all the issues in lower face, neck and upper chest

22
Q

genetic deletion in DiGeorges

A

22q11.2 deletion….heterozygous

23
Q

Classic Triad of DiGeorges

A

conotruncal cardiac abnormalities, hypoplastic thymus, and hypocalcemia

24
Q

partial DIgeorges versus complete digeorges

A

terminology used to describe immune function in DiGeorges

partial means some Thymic activity and T cells present

Complete means no thymus and no T cells…life threatening

25
Q

Complete DGS treatment

A

need either thymus or stem cell transplant (keep T cells in the transplant)

may not give vaccines due to T cells not being able to fight attenuated virus

26
Q

Epstein Barr Virus

A

common for mono

part of the herpes virus family

has dsDNA with capsid, enveloped

lives mainly in the lymphoid cells

27
Q

Where does the EBV viral genome live after infection?

A

the genome will persist in the B cells

28
Q

main EBV receptor in humans?

A

the cd21 receptor on B cells…it stimulates proliferation of B cells

29
Q

EBV clinical presentation

A

malaise, fever, headache, pharyngitis, cervicla lymphadenopathy, fatigue

palatal petechiae, cytopenias

30
Q

tests to confirm EBV

A

assay for heterophile antibodies or EBV specific antibodies

31
Q

heterophile antibodies

A

usually IgM antibodies against random organisms in EBV infection

32
Q

VCA IgM/IgG for EBV assay and timing of presentation

A

viral capsid antigen IgG or IgM targets the antibodies that are seeking to bind the EBV capsid…these are found early in infection of EBV

33
Q

EBNA in EBV assay and timing of presentation

A

epstein barr virus nuclear antigen, this shows up late so if assay picks this up it is unlikely they have active EBV infection

34
Q

Lymphoproliferative disorders in EBV..how?

A

latent infected B cells from EBV are oncogenically transformed and can lead to issues with proliferation of lymphocytes…lymphoma

35
Q

EBV effects on liver?

A

often leads to hepatitis

36
Q

EBV effects on spleen?

A

often leads to splenomegaly

Immuno Block Mid Term 1 (16 decks)

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