Innate Natural Barriers

Question 1

chemical agents of the skin

Answer 1

cethelicidins, defensins, dermicidin, acidic pH

Question 2

langerhans cells of the skin

Answer 2

dendritic cells within the keratinocytes, contain Birbeck granules within

function as antigen presenting cells in immune response

Question 3

organization of lumen and surrounding tissue

Answer 3

lumen to epithelial to loose connective tissue (lamina propria) to muscularis mucosa (smooth muscle)

then to submucosa with dense irregular CT

Muscularis externa with smooth muscls

external layer with adventilia and serosa (two loose connective tissues)

Question 4

tight junction function and proteins

Answer 4

keeps things from passing between cells bidirectionally

made of claudins and occludins

Question 5

zonula adherens function and proteins

Answer 5

adherens junction, binds to actin of cytoskeleton

uses cadherins

Question 6

Desmosome function and proteins

Answer 6

binds cells together

made of desmoplakins and plakoglobins

Question 7

Gap junction function and proteins

Answer 7

communicating junction

made of connexins

Question 8

hemidesmosomes function and proteins

Answer 8

bind cells to basement membrane

Question 9

mucosal defense in intestine

Answer 9

pH, pancreatic enzymes, bile, intestinal secretions, mucus, lysozymes, normal flora, lymph tissue

Question 10

lysozymes

Answer 10

antimicrobial enzyme that aims for the cell wall or Peptidoglycan

found in eyes, saliva, SI and any place where bacteria can enter through a hole

Question 11

M-Cell process in the gut

Answer 11

M cells can bind antigens in the gut lumen, when they do they transcytose them and let them interact with dendritic cells that can then activate helper T cells which stimulate B cells to make plasma cells that can ultimately produce IgA that can go into lumen and attach antigens

Question 12

IgA importance

Answer 12

able to go into lumen of gut because it is resistant to proteolytic enzymes

Question 13

mucosal immunity in oral cavity examples

Answer 13

physical barrier of skin, skin is sloughed off constantly preventing biofilms, has langerhans cells and lymphocytes

in lamina propria have macrophages and dendritic cells that uptake antigens and take to surrounding lymph tissue

Question 14

saliva immune products

Answer 14

lysozyme, lactoferrin, histatins, salivary IgA, tonsils, peroxidase to convert hydrogen peroxide from microbes

Question 15

Lactoferrin

Answer 15

in saliva, complexes with iron which bacteria like, so keeps nutrients from them

Question 16

Histatins

Answer 16

inhibits growth of candida albicans, and streptococcus mutans (dental caries)

Question 17

salivary IgA

Answer 17

aggregates oral bacteria, prevents dental plaques

Question 18

pemphigus vulgaris

Answer 18

desomsomes, skin comes off, oral blisters, blisters erupt, fatal

Question 19

Bullous pemphigoid

Answer 19

hemidesmosomes, skin does not come off, not oral, blisters

Question 20

respiratory immune defenses

Answer 20

mucus clearance by coordinated secretion of mucins and proteins, sufficient water for hydration, beating cilia, sneezing/coughing

Question 21

respiratory protective antimicrobial factors

Answer 21

antioxidants, defensins, lactoferrins, lysozyme

Question 22

sentinel cell

Answer 22

alveolar macrophage, first line of defense in respiratory

Question 23

vaginal immune protection

Answer 23

epithelia secrete glycogen that gets converted into acid to make acidic environment, and has some antimicrobial factors

Question 24

urinary tract immune protection

Answer 24

longer male urethra makes it harder to navigate

cleansing 4X per day

Sterile urine kills bacteria

Question 25

eye immune protection

Answer 25

tears have lysozyme
blinking
apocrine sweat glands, sebaceous glands

Question 26

Tear film

Answer 26

from secretions of the conjuctiva and cornea, bathes eyes with tears that have lysozyme which can be antimicrobial and then drains to nasal passage