Immunization (Exam 1) Flashcards by Isaiah Smith

Communicable Disease

Disease that can be transferred from one person to another

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Mode of transmission

How disease travels to one person to another

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Incubation Period

Time of first exposure to appearance of first symptoms

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Prodromal Period

Interval between earliest symptom and when you start feeling really bad

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Period of communicability

How long the person is contagious

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Antibody

Protein that is found in serum that our body makes in response in exposure to specific antigen

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Antigen

Variety of foreign substances that cause our body to make antibodies

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Goals of Immunizations

-Elimnate cases of vaccine-preventable disease

-Increase all recommended vaccinations of children 2 yrs and younger to least 90%

-Prevent disease and outbreak of the disease

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4 types of immunity

Natural Passive

Natural Active

Artificial Active

Artificial Passive

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Natural Passive Immunity

The mom passes immunity to the fetus

Temporary by transferring immunoglobulin antibodies in natural manner

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Natural Active Immunity

Immune bodies are formed against antigen because you have the disorder

Ex: Chicken pox

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Artificial Active Immunity

Immune bodies are formed against antigen by artificially introducing the antigen

Ex: MMR - TDAP

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Artificial Passive Immunity

Temporary immunity by transferring immunoglobulins from one human to another

Ex: Chicken pox through plasma for child who is immunocompromised

Plasma of someone who it immunized to someone who is not immunized

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Immunization: Nursing Responsibilities

Maintain Adequate Record

Proper administration

Proper storage

Education and support for family

Know UTD information about the vaccine

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Why don’t parents immunize?

-Fear of side effect

-Child’s medical condition

-Religious conflict

-Inadequate knowledge

-Lack of resources

-Ineffective support for caregivers

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Types of Vaccines

Live Attenuated Virus

Killed Vaccine

Toxoid - modified

Human Immune Sero Globulin

Antimal Antitoxins

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Live Attenuated Vaccine

A suspension of live or inactivated microorganisms or fraction of the microorganism administered

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Killed Vaccine / Inactivated Vaccine

Whole microbes that have been killed by heat or chemicals / simply the important part of the microbe that provokes immune system to make antibodies

Most vaccines are this form

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Toxoid Vaccine

Modified bacterial toxin that has been made nontoxic but retains the ability to stimulate the formation of antitoxin

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Three Live Vaccine to Know

MMR

Varicella

Flu-Mist

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Why is it important to know the live vaccine?

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If the child is receiving a immunosuppressant or are immunocompromised then they can not receive a live vaccine

Body does not have immune system to build up enough immunoglobulins

DTaP Vaccine: Components

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Diphtheria:
-Causes thick covering in back of throat and leads to breathing problems, paralysis, and heart failure

Tetanus:
-Causes painful tightening of muscles

Pertussis:
Causes coughing (whooping cough). Hard for infants to eat - drink - breath. Lead to brain damage and death

DTaP: Side Effects

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Pertussis: Can cause seizure

Tetanus: Malaysia (feeling bad)

DTaP: Contraindications

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Anaphylactic reaction to vaccine

Encephalopathy within 7 days

Seizures w or w/o fever within 3 day period of dose

Tdap Vaccine

Recommended for adolescent age Given 11-12 years who have completed the childhood DTaP series and have not received a tetanus and diphtheria toxoid booster

Do we give tylenol and advil to children after their vaccines?

Try not to because these medications can hinder the amount of immunoglobulins that are made

Polio Vaccine

Prevents against a disease caused by airborne virus Polio can cause paralysis and death Can cause lung and breathing problems

Polio Vaccine: Contraindications

Was neomycin - streptomycin - amph B but that is no longer contained Any big illness (all vaccine) Any anaphylactic

Do we give vaccine if child have a mild cold?

Yes. This is not a contraindications

MMR Vaccine

Live Vaccine Measles - Mumps - Rubella

What does Measles - Mumps - Rubella cause?

Measles: -Rash, cough, and fever that can lead to worsening sickness and brain damage / death Mumps: -Causes fever, headache, swollen glands under the jaw. Rubella: -German measles -Rash, fever, swollen glands -If women are pregnant and get rubella, they can lose their babies and infant can be born with deafness, blindness, heart disease, brain damage

MMR: Side Effects

Fever 7-10 days after vaccine

MMR: Contraindications

Live Vaccine: -Pregnancy -Immunocompromised

HIB Vaccine

(haemophilus influenzae type B) Protect against bacteria that causes meningitis, pneumonia, infection of other body systems Disease can cause brain damage and death

HB Vaccine

Vaccine against hepatitis B Disease can lead to long term liver disease, liver failure and death Get Hep B through blood

Hep B Vaccine: Contraindications

Allergic reaction to baker's yeast

Hep A: Vaccine

Protects against viral infection of the liver

Varicella Vaccine

Live Vaccine Varicella causes: (chicken pox) -Rash, fever, and anorexia, and leads to ear infections, pneumonia, encephalitis, and thrombocytopenia

The older you are when you have varicella, the

worse you react to the disease

Varicella Vaccine: Contraindications

Immunocompromised or pregnant people

Prevnar Vaccine

Fights Streptococcus Pneumoniae Pneumococcus is a leading cause of serious illness among young children worldwide Most frequent cause of pneumonia and bacteremia

What is the most frequent cause of pneumonia and bacteremia

Prevnar

Rotovirus Vaccine

ORAL LIQUID For infants (only under 6 months) This virus causes lots of vomiting and diarrhea and can easily lead to dehydration

Influenza Vaccine Reccomendation

Yearly For children 6 months and older that have asthma, cardiac disease, HIV, diabetes, and sickle cells

How often should we get tetanus booster?

Every 10 years

Synagsis Vaccine

Given to prenatal infants or those at high risk (monthly during sick months) (every year till 3 months) Reduce chance of RSV (respiratory syncytial virus) Only available to vulnerable patients (pre born with heart defects) $1000 per vaccine

Vaccine General Contraindications

Severe Febrile Illness (Kid has BIG fever) (Very sick) Known allergic response to a previous administered vaccine

NOT contraindications to immunisation administration

-Moderate to severe local reactions -Ear or sinus infection -Mild acute fever with / without illness -Current antibiotic therapy -Convalescent phase of therapy (getting better) -Prematurity (birth) -Recent exposure to infectious disease -History of non specific allergies

What to do if child gets off schedule with immunization?

Resume where child left off Catch ups

How to immunize UN-Immunized child

< 1 year = begin regular schedule > 1 year = TD - IPV - MMR - HPV

Immunization (Exam 1) Flashcards

(50 cards)