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Infant GD (Exam 1) Flashcards

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1
Q

Infant age

A

0-1 year of age

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2
Q

Infancy weight

A

-Lose 10% of weight at birth

-gain 1 OZ / day until 6 M

-double weight at 6 M

-triple weight by 1 year

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3
Q

Infant should double their birth weight by

A

6 months

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4
Q

Infant Height

A

-Increases 1 inch per month until 6M

-Increases height by 50% by 1 year

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5
Q

Infant Head Growth

A

0.5 inch / month for first 6 M

Brain is developing and growing

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6
Q

What about infants skulls do we pay special attention to?

A

Anterior fontanelle

Posterior fontanelle

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7
Q

When does the posterior fontanelle close?

A

8 weeks of age

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8
Q

When does anterior fontanelle close?

A

12-18 months

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9
Q

What can fontelles tells us?

A

Hydration status and increase IOP

Dehydration = sunken

Increased intracranial pressure = bulging

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10
Q

Infant weight should be back to baseline at

A

2 weeks of age

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11
Q

Infant: Normal RR

A

30-60/ min at birth

20-30/min by 1 year

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12
Q

Infant: Heart Rate

A

100-160

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13
Q

Infant: BP

A

Fluctuates

Newborn: 80/40

1 yr: 100/60

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14
Q

Infant: Normal Temp

A

Rectal 90.0-99.5

Axillary: 97.6-98.6

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15
Q

Rooting Reflex:
-Appears
-Disappears
-Elicit
-Response

A

-Appears at birth

-Disappears at 6M

-Elicit by head midline / stroke

-Response: Turns head to side and open mouth

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16
Q

Asymmetric Tonic Neck Reflex:
-Appears
-Disappears
-Elicit
-Response

A

Appears: Brith

Disappears: 6 M

Elicit: Baby supine, rotate head to one side and hold for 15 seconds

Response: Arm and leg extend on facial side: arm and leg on other side flexed

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17
Q

Startle Reflex:
-Appears
-Disappears
-Elicit
-Response

A

Appears: Brith

Disappears: 6-M

Elicit: Present loud noise

Response: Arms spread and fingers extend and then flex; arms come toward each other

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18
Q

Babinski Reflex
-Appears
-Disappears
-Elicit
-Response

A

Appears: Brith

Disappears: 2 yrs

Elicit: Stroke bottom of foot from heal to toes

-rx: big toe extends towards top of foot, other toes fan

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19
Q

Reflex’s should be gone by what age?

A

6 months

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20
Q

Infant: Vision

A

Birth to 1 M: See 8-10 inches away: Follow to midline

3M: Interested in faces: begins to associate visual stimuli and event

4M: Follow past midline; Recognize familiar object. Follow around the room - hand regard

10M: Object permanence

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21
Q

At what age are infants intrested in faces?

A

3 Months

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22
Q

At what age can infant cross midline with vision and start to follow things?

A

4 months

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23
Q

What is one of the first signs of communication and when does it appear?

A

Directed reach

Appears at 6 months

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24
Q

At what age do infants start to have object permanence?

A

10 Months

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25
At what age can infants transfer items from hand to hand?
7 Months
26
When can infant discriminate moms voice?
At birth
27
When do infants start to understand a few words?
3-6 months
28
When do infants usually say first meaningful word?
6-12 months
29
When will infant say mama and dada plus 3-5 words?
12 months
30
When can infants hear and follow simple commands?
12 months of age Stop - Come here - Go there
31
When do infants get first tooth?
By 5-6 months of age W/ low fever - swollen gums - drooling - fussy
32
Motor Development: Head Control What age can they hold their head up? What age do they start to establish head control? and should have no head lag?
1 Month = Marked head lag 3 Month = Hold head up 6 Month = Well established head control (no head lag)
33
Infant should have no head lag by (good head control)
by 6 months
34
At what age should a infant be able to roll over?
5 - 6 months From belly to back Then back to belly
35
Infant: Sitting: Ages Sit with support Sit alone leaning forward on hands Sit unsupported Sitting from prone or supine position
6 M: Can sit with support 7 M: Can sit alone leaning forward on their hands for support 8 M: Infants can sit unsupported 10 M: Infants can go into a sitting position from prone or supine
36
What age can infants sit with support?
6 Months
37
At what age can infants sit unsupported?
8 months
38
At what age can infants tripod sit?
7 months
39
Infant locomotion: Age for crawling Age for creeping
10 M: Can crawl forward on belly first (Belly on ground) (backwards first) 11 M: Able to creep on hands and knees (belly is off the floor)
40
At what age can infants bear all of their weight on legs?
6-7 months
41
At what age can infants stand holding furniture?
by 9 months SAFTEY HAZARDS
42
what does cruising mean and when can an infant do it
the infant can walk but always has to be holding onto something for support they can do this by 10-12 months
43
When does walking happen? (with hand held)
by 12 M Take independent steps shortly after
44
Most infants are walking well by what age?
15 months
45
When do infants begin trying to grasp items? and start to lose reflexes
3 months
46
When do infants bring hands to midline?
3 months
47
When do infants begin to bring things to mouth?
4-6 months Big Safety CONCERN
48
Are walkers good for infants and toddlers?
No, they can move to fast and developed the wrong muscles
49
When can infants transfer items from hand to hand
7 months
50
At what age does pincer grasp start? At what age is pincer grasp refined?
Start 8-9 M Refined at 12 M (Thumb and forefinger) CHOKING HAZARD
51
By what age should infant have object permanence?
10 months
52
Infant: Sexuality
Begins at birth Heightened oral sensitivity Skin to skin contact Acceptance by parents
53
Behaviors that influence attachment
Different crying, smiling, and vocalization Crying when mother leaves room Visual-motor orientation Approaching through locomotion Clinging Exploring away from mother using her as base
54
At what age do social smiling occurs?
6-8 weeks (cooing after) First sign of attachment
55
At what age does discpline start?
6 months Baby understands commands like stop and no
56
Prolong Seperation: Detachment Stages
1. Protest (refuse to accept someone left in charge) 2. Despair (very sad) 3. Detachment
57
Reactive Attachment Disorder
Occurs after maladaptive or absent attachment Child may refuse to make eye contact, poor impulse control, destructive to self or others May lead to antisocial behavior Assign same nurse
58
When does stranger fear occur?
6-7 months
59
When does separation anxiety begin?
9-10 months. Can last for a long time
60
When do infants respond to name?
7 months
61
Thing that stress out an infant
-Loss of caregiver -Loud noises -Lights -Sudden Movement
62
Why do we wrap babies up?
To help against the startle reflex. Do this for 6 months
63
Infant Sleep
For first 4 months infants can sleep 16-20 hours per day By 5 months, most infants are sleeping through the night with 2 daytime naps
64
When does solitary play begin?
3-6 months Focus on sensory stimulation Play is very self absorbed Parent interaction is important
65
Appropriate Toys for 3-6 month old
-interaction (MOST IMPORTANT) -held and bounced -SENSORY TOYS -non breakable mirrors -music boxes -soft toys -rattles -crinkle books -hanging mobiles -books
66
Appropriate Toys for 7-12 months old
-peek a boo -unbreakable mirrors -nesting toys -soft, squishy balls -push toys (11-12) -stacking toys -always books -Doorway jumpers
67
What is the first form of language?
Reaching and Crying They can cry several hours per day
68
What age does vocalization begin?
6 weeks (cooing)
69
Language 3-4 months
Consonant sounds - Laugh aloud
70
Language 5-7 months
Vowel sounds
71
Language 8 Months
Imitating sounds and combining syllables
72
Language 9-10 M
Understand simple commands
73
Langauge 12 Months
Can say 3-5 words with meaning + mama and dada
74
Spoiled Child
when a parent always gives into their demand cannot spoil by showing infant love, affection and care
75
When can infant feed themselves with spoon?
> 12 months
76
When do you start discipline and setting limits
6-18 M Start with NO Remove child from unsafe enviroment
77
When does time out start?
18 months

Pediatrics (15 decks)

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