IMSE Flashcards
(52 cards)
What are immunoglobulin molecules made up of?
A basic four chain polypeptide consisting of 2 large chains (H chains) and 2 smaller chains (L chains)
Immunoglobulins, also known as antibodies, are essential for the immune response.
How many light chains and heavy chains are in one F(ab)2?
2 light chains and 2 1/2 heavy chains
F(ab)2 fragments are derived from antibodies and are important for antigen binding.
What is the main objective of B-cell activation?
Humoral immunity
Humoral immunity involves the production of antibodies by B-cells to neutralize pathogens.
Who supported the idea of clonal selection for antibody formation in 1950?
Niels Jerne and Macfarlane Burnet
The clonal selection theory explains how specific antibodies are produced in response to antigens.
What essential roles do antibodies play during the immune response?
Antigen recognition, opsonization, complement activation
These functions are crucial for the effective elimination of pathogens.
What is the form of IgA found in serum?
Monomer that lacks secretory component and appears to downregulate IgG-mediated
IgA plays a significant role in mucosal immunity.
What determines the number of antigen binding sites in immunoglobulins?
Valence
Valence refers to the number of antigenic determinants that an antibody can bind.
Describe the primary response in terms of antibody production.
Long lag phase, slow increase in antibody, and short-lived response
The primary response occurs upon the first exposure to an antigen.
What is the coefficient sedimentation rate of the IgG molecule?
Svedberg unit (7s)
The Svedberg unit is a measure of the rate of sedimentation during centrifugation, which reflects the size and shape of the molecule.
largest immunoglobulin found on the cell surface of B-cells and most primitive immunoglobulins?
IgM
What are the two fractions of Edelman?
- 5s fraction (50,000 daltons)
- 2s fraction (22,000 daltons)
What is the major function of IgG?
Serves as the placental barrier
What is found both on activated T cells and B cells?
CD25
Which immunoglobulin is the least abundant in serum and does not participate in immunoglobulin reactions and mediates some types of hypersensitivity and anaphylaxis. Also tends to attach in mast cells and basophils
IgE
Where does IgE tend to attach?
Mast cells & Basophils
What genetic variations are present in the constant regions of immunoglobulins? Present in IgG, IgA, and Kappa chain
Allotype
triggers the single molecule classical pathway?
classical pathway
What is used for monoclonal antibodies?
Laboratory mice
In what condition is IgG most sensitive?
Polyethylene glycol
What is the half-life of IgM?
About 10 days
Who proposed the template theory and antibody diversity?
Susumu Tonegawa
In electrophoresis, where do immunoglobulins primarily appear?
Gamma region
What are the (4) major subclasses of IgG?
IgG 1- 67%, most efficient class
IgG2- 22%
IgG3- 7%, largest hinge region and largest number of disulfide bonds
IgG4- 4%
Glycoprotein is found in what portion of the of blood
Serum
