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HEMA 311 > LAB EVALUATION PT.2 > Flashcards

LAB EVALUATION PT.2 Flashcards

(50 cards)

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1
Q

Define the size and hemoglobin content of RBC and help to determine specific types of anemias

A

RED BLOOD CELL INDICES

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2
Q

Individual size is the best index for classifying anemias and indicates wheter RBC size appears normal, smaller than normal or larger than normal

A

MEAN CORPUSCULAR VOLUME (MCV)

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3
Q

Normal value of MCV

A

80-100 femtoliters

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4
Q

Formula used in MCV

A

MCV= Hct% X 10 /
RBC in million= ____femtoliters

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5
Q

Clinical implications in MCV (4)

A

MICROCYTIC ANEMIA:
-IRON DEFICIENCY ANEMIA
-ANEMIA OF CHRONIC DISEASE
-CONGENITAL HYPOCHROMIC MICROCYTIC ANEMIA WITH IRON OVERLOAD

NORMOCYRIC NORMOCHROMIC ANEMIAS:
-ACUTE POSTHEMORRHAGIC ANEMIA
-HEMOLYTIC ANEMIA
-MARROW HYPERPLASIA
-MARROW INFILTRATION

MACROCYTIC ANEMIA:
-COBALAMIN (B12) DEFICIENCY
-DECREASED INGESTION
-COMPETITIVE PARASITE

FOLATE DEFICIENCY:
-DECREASED INGESTION
-LACK OF VEGETABLE
-ALCOHOLISM

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6
Q

Measures the average concentration of hemoglobin and most valuable in monitoring therapy for anemia

A

MEAN CORPUSCULAR HEMOGLOBIN CONCENTRATION (MCHC)

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7
Q

Normal value for MCHC

A

32-36 g/dl

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8
Q

Formula used for MCHC

A

MCHC= hgb X100/
Hct

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9
Q

Clinical implications in MCHC

A

HYPOCHROMIC ANEMIA:
-IRON DEFICIENCY
-MICROCYTIC ANEMIA
-CHRONIC BLOOD LOSS

HYPERLIPIDEMIA - ELEVATES MCH

HIGH HEPARIN- ELEVATES MCH

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10
Q

Automated method of measurement is helpful in investigation of some hematologic disorders and essentially an indication of degree of anisocytosis

A

RED CELL SIZE DISTRIBUTION WIDTH (RDW)

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11
Q

Normal values of RDW

A

11.5-14.5 CV

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12
Q

Clinical implications for RDW

A

HELPFUL IN DISTINGUISHING UNCOMPLICATED HETEROZYGOUS THALASSEMIA (LOW MCV)

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13
Q

Uses to assess erythropoietic activity of bone marrow and uses supravital stains in bloow with EDTA

A

RETICULOCYTE COUNT

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14
Q

Normal values of Reticulocyte count

A

0.5-1.5%

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15
Q

Formula used in Retics count

A

RETICS= no. of retics counted /
1000 x 100=———%

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16
Q

Formula used in Absolute reticulocute count

A

ARC= retics counted X RBC count / 100

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17
Q

Reference range of Retics count

A

25-75 X 10^9/Lj

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18
Q

Formula used for Corrected reticulocyte count

A

CRC= % retics X hct /
45

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19
Q

Reference range of CRC

A

2-3%

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20
Q

Formula used for Reticulocyte production index (RPI)

A

RPI= % retics X hct/45 /
Maturation time

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21
Q

Correction factor / Maturation Time in days of patient’s with hematocrit value of < 15

22
Q

Correction factor / Maturation Time in days of patient’s with hematocrit value of 15-24%

23
Q

Correction factor / Maturation Time in days of patient’s with hematocrit value of 25-34%

24
Q

Correction factor / Maturation Time in days of patient’s with hematocrit value of 35-39%

25
Correction factor / Maturation Time in days of patient’s with hematocrit value of 40-45%
1
26
Conditions causing decreased Reticulocyte Count (7)
APLASTIC ANEMIA ACUTE BENZOL POISONING CHRONIC INFECTIONS ANAPLASTIC CRISIS OF HEMOLYTIC ANEMIA PREGNANCY AT BIRTH MENSTRUATION
27
Conditions casuing increased reticulocyte count (11)
HEMOLYTIC ANEMIA LEAD POISONING MALARIA PARASITIC INFECTION BLOOD INTOXICATION KALA-AZAR ERYTHROBLASTIC ANEMIA SICKLE CELL ANEMIA RELAPSING FEVER LEUKEMIA SPLENIC TUMOR
28
Referrs to the speed of fall of the erythrocyte to settle down in plasma and useful in monitoring existing inflammatory disease
ERYTHROCYTE SEDIMENTATION RATE (ESR)
29
Phases or stages of ESR (3)
AGGLOMERATION PHASE (10 MINS) (FORMATION OF ROULEAUX) PHASE OF FAST SETTLING (40 MINS) FINAL PHASE OF PACKING (10 MINS)
30
Methods in ESR determination (2)
MACRO METHODS: -WINTROBE-LANDSBERG METHOD -WESTERGREN METHOD -GRAPHIC AND CULTER METHOD -LINZENMEIR METHOD MICRO METHODS: -MICRO LANDAU METHOD -SMITH METHOD -HELLIGE-VOLMER METHOD OR CRISTA METHOD
31
Factors that decreased the rate of fall (7)
INCREASED ALBUMIN INCREASED LECITHIN DEFIBRINATION MICROCYTOSIS MORE RED CELLS SPHEROCYTOSIS INCREASED SICKLE CELL AND POIKILOCYTES
32
Factors that increased the rate of fall of ESR
INCREASED FIBRINOGEN CONCENTRATION INCREASED GLOBULIN CONCENTRATION CHOLESTEROL MACROCYTES ANEMIA HEMOLYIS
33
Normal value for WESTERGREN METHOD
MEN: 0-15mm/hr CHILDREN: 0-15mm/hr FEMALE:0-20mm/hr
34
Conditions causing increased ESR (7)
SYSTEMIC LUPUS ERYTHEMATOSUS PNEUMONIA INFLAMMATORY DISEASE CARCINOMA LYMPHOMA TOXEMIA ANEMIA
35
Conditions causing normal ESR (3)
SICKLE CELL ANEMIA CONGESTIVE HEART FAILURE PYRUVATE KINASE DEFICIENCY
36
Different tests that uses blood smear (5)
LEUKOCYTE DIFF COUNT RETICULOCYTE COUNT PLATELET COUNT LE CELL EXAMINATION BONE MARROW EXAMINATION
37
Simplest and most commonly used method for blood smear
WEDGE/PUSH/2-GLASS SLIDE METHOD
38
Advanages of wedge push 2 glass slide method (5)
SLIDES ARE NOT EASILY BROKEN EASY TO PREPARE EASY TO LABEL AND TRANSPORT ALLOWS STORAGES WITHOUT COVERSLIP ABNORMAL CELL ARE EASILY FOUND
39
Methods for drying the blood smear (3)
AIR DRYING HEATING IN THE OVEN FOR A LOW FLAME CHEMICAL DRYING IN ETYHL ALCOHOL
40
Fixatives for blood films (5)
METHANOL ABSOLUTE ETHYL ALCOHOL ABSOLUTEETHYL ALCOHOL AND ETHER 1% FORMALIM 1% MERCURIC CHLORIDE
41
Proper angle for blood smearing
35-45 angle
42
Preferred method for bone marrow preparation
COVER GLASS / EHRLICH’s METHOD
43
Disadvantages of Ehrlich’s method (3)
COVER GLASSES ARE EASILY BROKEN REQUIRE CLEAN COVER GLASS DIFFICULT TO PREPARE
44
Even distribution of cells but yields limited blood smear
BEACOM’s METHOD OR COVER GLASS AND SLIDE METHOD
45
Types of automated method (2)
SPUN SMEAR - PREPARED IN HEMASPINNER SMEAR PREPARED IN MINIPREP
46
Types of stains used in blood smears (7)
WRIGHT’S STAIN ( METHYLENE BLUE , EOSIN , SODIUM PHOSPHATE) GIEMSA STAIN MAY-GRUNWALDS STAIN LEISHMAN’s STAIN JENNER’s STAIN PANOPTIC STAIN (COMBINATION OF ROMANOWSKY STAIN TO ANOTHER SUPRAVITAL STAIN ( USED IN CELLS THA HAVE BEEM REMOVED FROM BODY
47
Determination of relative proportion or percentage
LEUKOCYTE DIFFERENTIAL COUNT
48
Ways of scanning smears for different count
STRIP OR HORIZONTAL METHOD ( ALL CELLS IN LONGITUDINAL STRIP FROM HEAD TO TAIL) CRENELLATION METHOD ( CELLS COUNTED FROM UPPER, LOWER, SIDEWAYS) EXAGGERATED BATTLEMENT METHOD TWO FIELD MEANDER METHOD FOUR FIELD MEANDER METHOD
49
Which shift is increase in younger forms of leukocytes and seen in pyogenic infections
SHIFT TO THE LEFT
50
Which shift is increase in older forms of leukocytes and seen in megaloblastic anemia and pernicious anemia
SHIFT TO THE RIGHT

HEMA 311 (12 decks)

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