LAB EVALUATION PT.1

Question 1

Methods in hemoglobin determination (4)

Answer 1

COPPER SULFATE / SPECIFIC GRAVITY METHOD

GASOMETRIC METHOD / OXYGEN CAPACITY METHOD

CHEMICAL METHOD / IRON CONTENT METHOD

COLORIMETRIC METHOD

Question 2

Types of colorimetric method (2)

Answer 2

VISUAL:
-DIRECT MATCHING
-ACID HEMATIN
-ALKALI HEMATIN

PHOTOELECTRIC:
-OXYHEMOGLOBIN METHOD
-CYANMETHEMOGLOBIN METHOD / HEMOGLOBINCYANIDE METHOD

Question 3

Method used to measure plasma hemoglobin

Answer 3

OXYHEMOGLOBIN METHOD

Question 4

Standard and reference method used to measure hemoglobin

Answer 4

CYANMETHEMOGLOBIN METHOD / HEMOGLOBINCYANIDE METHOD

Question 5

Cannot be converted to cyanmethemoglobin and cannot be measured by cyanmethemoglobin method

Answer 5

SULFHEMOGLOBIN

Question 6

Hemoglobin is oxidized to methemoglobin by :

Answer 6

POTASSIUM FERRICYANIDE

Question 7

_________ converts the methemoglobin to cyanmethemoglobin at absorbance of _____

Answer 7

POTASSIUM CYANIDE

540nm

Question 8

Reagent used in hemoglobin determination

Color:
pH:

Answer 8

MODIFIED DRABKIN’S REAGENT

PALE AND YELLOW

7.2

Question 9

Composition of modified drabkin’s reagent: (4)

Answer 9

SODIUM BICARBONATE: 1g

POTASSIUM CYANIDE: 52mg

POTASSIUM FERRICYANIDE: 198mg

DISTILLED WATER: 1000mL

Question 10

Specimen used in cyanmethemoglobin method

Answer 10

WHOLE BLOOD ANTICOAGULATED ETHYLENEDIAMINETETRAACETIC ACID (EDTA)

Question 11

Reference range of cyanmethemoglobin method:

Answer 11

MALES: 14-18g/dl

FEMALES: 12-15g/dl

Question 12

Factors that affect hemoglobin result: (3)

Answer 12

AGE

SEX

ALTITUDE OF LOCALITY

Question 13

Term used for increased hemoglobin level

Answer 13

HYPERCHROMIA

Question 14

Hyperchromia is found in conditions susch as: (3)

Answer 14

POLYCYTHEMIA VERA

DEHYDRATION

CHANGING FROM HIGH TO LOW ALTITUDES

Question 15

Term used for decreased hemoglobin level

Answer 15

OLIGOCHROMIA

Question 16

Oligochromia is found in conditions such as: (1)

Answer 16

ANEMIA

Question 17

Correction for drabkin’s reagent is sensitive to light

Answer 17

Store in brown bottle or in dark place

Question 18

Correction for increased wbc and platelet count

Answer 18

Centrifuge the solution and measure the supernatant

Question 19

Correction for lipemic sample can interfere and give a false result

Answer 19

Add 0.01 mL of patient’s plasma to 5mL of drabkin’s reagent and used the solution as reagent blank

Question 20

Correction for abnormal globulins found in multiple myeloma

Answer 20

Add 0.1g of potassium carbonate to drabkin’s reagent

Question 21

Hemoglobin determination test is used to: (4)

Answer 21

SCREEN FOR DISEASE ASSOCIATED WITH ANEMIA

DETERMINE THE SEVERITY OF ANEMIA

FOLLOW THE RESPONSE TO TREATMENT FOR ANEMIA

EVALUATE POLYCYTHEMIA VERA

Question 22

Conditions causing decreased hemoglobin levels: (8)

Answer 22

ANEMIA

IRON DEFICIENCY ANEMIA

THALASSEMIA

LIVER DISEASE

HEMORRHAGE

PERNICIUOS ANEMIA

HYPOTHYROIDISM

HEMOLYTIC ANEMIA

Question 23

Conditions causing increased hemoglobin levels may: (3)

Answer 23

POLYCYTHEMIA VERA

CONGESTIVE HEART FAILURE

CHRONIC OBSTRUCTIVE PULMONARY DISEASE

Question 24

Excessive fluid intake causes______ hemoglobin

Answer 24

DECREASED

Question 25

Hemoglobin is normally higher in _____

Answer 25

INFANTS

Question 26

Hemoglobin is normally ____ during pregnancy

Answer 26

DECREASED

Question 27

Conditions if hemoglobin is less than 0.5g/dl

Answer 27

HEART FAILURE DEATH

Question 28

What happens if hemoglobin is greater than 20mg/dl

Answer 28

Clogging of capillaries resulting to hemoconcentration

Question 29

Other term/name for hematocrit determination

Answer 29

PACKED CELL VOLUME (PCV)

Question 30

Is the volume of packed RBCs that occupies a given volume of whole blood

Answer 30

HEMATOCRIT

Question 31

Methods used in Macro Hematocrit (5)

Answer 31

WINTROBE METHOD- uses DOUBLE OXALATE HADEN’S MODIFICATION METHOD- uses 1.1% SODIUM CITRATE VAN ALLEN’S METHOD- uses 1.6% SODIUM CITRATE SANFORD-MAGATH METHOD- uses 1.3% SODIUM CITRATE BRAY’S METHOD- uses HEPARIN

Question 32

Method of blood collection for MACROHEMATOCRIT METHOD

Answer 32

VENIPUNCTURE

Question 34

Method of blood collection for MICROHEMATOCRIT METHOD

Answer 34

SKIN PUNCTURE OR VENIPUNCTURE

Question 35

Relative centrifugal force (RCF) of MACROHEMATOCRIT

Answer 35

2,000-2,300rpm

Question 36

Relative centrifugal force (RCF) of MICROHEMATOCRIT

Answer 36

10,000-12,000rpm

Question 37

Time of centrifugation for MACROHEMATOCRIT

Answer 37

LONGER 30 MINS

Question 38

Time of centrifugation for MICROHEMATOCRIT

Answer 38

SHORTER 3-5 MINS

Question 39

Is ESR can be perform in MACROHEMATOCRIT

Answer 39

YES

Question 40

Is ESR can be perform in MICROHEMATOCRIT

Answer 40

NO

Question 41

Cost apparatus of MACROHEMATOCRIT

Answer 41

EXPENSIVE

Question 42

Cost apparatus of MICROHEMATOCRIT

Answer 42

CHEAPER

Question 43

Reference range of hematocrit determination

Answer 43

MALES: 42%-54% FEMALES: 35%-49%

Question 44

Conditions causing decreased hematocrit values (5)

Answer 44

ANEMIA LEUKEMIA LYMPHOMAS ADRENAL INSUFFICIENCY ACUTE AND CHRONIC BLOOD LOSS

Question 45

Conditions causing increased hematocrit values (3)

Answer 45

ERYTHROCYTOSIS POLYCYTHEMIA VERA SHOCK

Question 46

Hemocytometry is used in: (3)

Answer 46

RED BLOOD CELL COUNT WHITE BLOOD CELL COUNT PLATELET COUNT

Question 47

Size of the whole square of counting chamber

Answer 47

3mm x 3mm square

Question 48

Size of total ruled area

Answer 48

9 square mm

Question 49

WBC squares are divided into

Answer 49

16 squares

Question 50

Size of center square for rbc count is

Answer 50

25 smaller squares

Question 51

Distance between counting surface and coverslip

Answer 51

0.10mm

Question 52

Formula used for RBC counting

Answer 52

Total count= rbc counted / 0.2 x 0.1 x 200 OR Total count= rbc counted X 10,000 CONVERT TO SI UNIT: Answer X .0000001= x10^12/L

Question 53

Formula used for WBC counting

Answer 53

WBC count= no.cells counted X 20 / 0.25 X 0.1 CONVERSION TO SI UNIT: Answer X .0000001= x10^9/L

Question 54

Criteria for good WBC diluting fluid (2)

Answer 54

SHOULD BE HYPOTONIC SHOULD COLOR/STAIN THE NUCLEI OF WBCs

Question 55

Reference range of WBC COUNT

Answer 55

4.5-11.5 x 10^9/L

Question 56

WBC count must be corrected if 5 or more NRBCs are counted in diff count

Answer 56

CORRECTED WBC COUNT

Question 57

RBC COUNTING Area factor: Depth factor: Dilution factor: SI Unit:

Answer 57

1/5 or 0.2 1/10 or 0.1 1:200 or 200 X 10^12/L

Question 58

WBC COUNTING Area factor: Depth factor: Dilution factor: SI unit:

Answer 58

1/4 or 0.25 1/10 or 0.1 1:20 or 20 X 10^9/L

Question 59

Reference range for RBC count

Answer 59

MALES: 4.6-6.0 x 10^12/L FEMALES: 4.0-5.4 x 10^12/L

Question 60

WBC diluting fluid (2)

Answer 60

2-3% GLACIAL ACETIC ACID 1% HCI (HYDROCHLORIC ACID) with 1 drop of METHYL VIOLET OR CRYSTAL VIOLET

Question 61

RBC DILUTING FLUIDS (6)

Answer 61

DACIES FLUID (FORMOL CITRATE) (BEST DILUENT) (FOR LONG TIME AND NOT ALTER SHAPE OF CELL) HAYEM’S DILUTING FLUID GOWER’S SOLUTION (PREVENTS ROULEAUX FORMATION) TOISSON’S FLUID (HIGH SG AND STAINS WBC NORMAL SALINE SOLUTION (USED IN EMERGENCY CASES & ROULEAUX AND AGGLUTINATION OF CELLS) 3.8% SODIUM CITRATE

Question 62

Criteria for good RBC diluting factor (6)

Answer 62

MUST BE AN ISOTONIC SOLUTION HAS A GOOD PRESERVATIVE DOES NOT INITIATE GROWTH OF MOLDS AND YEAST WITH HIGH SG WITH BUFFER ACTION CHEAP AND EASY TO PREPARE

Question 63

Rules of three in RBC diluting fluid (2)

Answer 63

VALUE OF HEMATOCRIT SHOULD BE 3X VALUE OF HEMOGLOBIN APPLIES ONLY IN SPECIMEN THAT HAVE NORMOCHROMIC ERYTHROCYTES