Infectious disease Flashcards
(211 cards)
1
Q
what should all pts with aucte pyelopnephritis do before starrting antibiotics
A
mid stream urine
2
Q
what pyelonephritis can have gas formaton within parenchyma
A
emphyseamtous pyeloenpehtitis- seen in diabtetics
3
Q
what can amoebiasis cause
A
liver abscess
4
Q
most common organism to cause animal bites
A
pasteruerella multocida
5
Q
should you suture anamila wounds closed
A
no
6
Q
antibiotic for anmila and human bite
A
coa-amoxiclav
7
Q
what causes a painless nlack eschar on skin
A
anthrax
8
Q
antibiotic if otitis media vs externa
A
media– amox
externa- fluclox
9
Q
first line for impetgo
A
topical hydrogen peroxide
10
Q
antibiotic for throat or sinusitis
A
PEn V
11
Q
what class of antibiotic aer you photosensitive
A
tetracyclines
12
Q
known s/e of macrolides
A
nausea espaecially erythromycin
13
Q
class of antibiotic commonly used for pts who are pen acllergic
A
macrolides
14
Q
what is used for systemic fungal infections
A
Ampohotericin B
15
Q
terbinafine commonly used to treat
A
fungal nail infections
16
Q
aspergilloma occurs where
A
lung - often secondary to tb
17
Q
aspergilloma appearanc eon CXR
A
rounded opacity
18
Q
no one over what age are given the BCG vaccine
A
over 35
19
Q
before give BCG vaccine need to have
A
neg tuberculin skin test
20
Q
BCG can be given at the same time as other live vaccines, but if not administered simultaneously there should be a —week interval
A
4
21
Q
BCG vaccine is live
A
Myonbacterium bovis
22
Q
itchy skin rashes think
A
bed bugs
23
Q
mx of bed bugs
A
topicla hydrocortisone to control itch
definitive mx involves pest managemnt company to fumigat house
24
Q
mx of botulism
A
suporotive care and botulism antitoxin
25
descending paralysis
botulism
26
if need an antibiotic for campylobacter what one give
clarithromycin
27
catch scrtch organism
Bartonella henselae
28
Cellulitis is most commonlly caused by what organism
STREP PYOGENES
29
cause of painful genital ulcer
chancroid
30
if meet criteria to get chickenpox prophylaxis what should they get
varicella zoster immunoglobulin
31
first line nAAT for woemn or men
women - vulvovaginal swab
men - urine test
32
when should partners be contacted in chlarmydia
symptomatic men - past 4 weeks
women and asympatmic men - all partners in last 6 months
33
treat then test appraoch can be used for contacts of chlamydia so
can be given treatment prior to the resutlsof the ix being known
34
profuse rice water diarrhoea
cholera
35
the 3 gram neg cocci
Neiserria mening
neiseeria gonorr
Moraxella catarrhalis
36
important gram pos rods
CLostridium and Listeria
37
important gram pos
strep, staph, clostridium and lsiteria
38
gas gangrene presents as
skin blebs and bullae adn creptitation may be present
39
clostridium perfringens causes
gas gangrene
40
c. botulim causes
flaccid paralyssi
41
c. tetani cuases a
spastic paralysis
42
ziehl neelsen stain will show red cysts in
Cryptosporidium
43
infected cells of CMV have what appearance
owls eye
44
congenital CMV infection
blueberry muffin skin lesions
45
pizza retina in
CMV retinitis
46
headahce is dengue is often
retro orbital
47
scary complciation of diptheria
heart block
48
mx of diptheria
IM penicilllin
49
what can also cause a bull neck appearnce due to cervical lymphadenoapothy
Diptheria
50
what virsu cause smallpox and molluscum contagiosum
pox virus
51
herpes simplex, varicella zoster, CMV and epstein barr virus come under what class of family of viruses
Herpes viruses
52
what is the only DNA virus that is single stranded and not double
parovirsu
53
typohoid is caused by
salmonella
54
enteric fever emcompases
typhoid/paratyphoid
55
features of enteric fever
bradycardia, costipation (alothoug cna get diarrhoea) , rose spots on abdo
56
enterovirsues encompass
coxsackie, echovirus and rhinovirsu
57
enterovirsu are the most common cause of
viral meningitis in adults
58
Hand, Foot and Mouth disease, herpangina and pericarditis.
caused by enteroviruses eg coxsackie
59
hairy leukoplakia which is hairy tongue suggestive of HIV associated with infection of
EBV
60
E.coli is often contaminated by
ground beef
61
gangrene means
death of body tissue
62
dry gangrene
black skin
63
Intense pain disproportionate to the visible signs.
Rapid progression of erythema, swelling, and tissue necrosis.
Systemic signs of sepsis, such as fever, tachycardia, and hypotension
necrotising fasiitis
64
most common cause of travellers gastroenteritis is
e.coli
65
incubation of what is short at 1-6hrs
staph aureus and bacilluse cereus
66
what has a long incubation of over 7 dyas
giardiasis & amoebiasis
67
what gastronenteritis can mimic appendicits by present with rif pain
campylobacter
68
another thing alonside chancroid that can cause painful genital ulceration
genital herpes
69
ix of choice in genetial herpes
NAAT test
70
mx of genital warts
topical podophyllum(better for multiple lesions) or cryotherapy(better for single lesion)
71
what do genital warts look like
fleshy bits of skin
72
giardisis from
swimming/drinking from a liver or lake
73
mx of giardisis
metronidazole
74
gram neg diplococcus
Gonorrhoea
75
how can gonorrhoea lead to infertility
salpingitis
76
due to variation of piili and opa proteins in gonorrhoea
reinfection is common
77
triad of disseminatef gonoccal infection
tenosynovitis, migratory polyarthritis and dermatitis
78
appearnce of ground glass hepatocytes can point towards
Hep B
79
what is first line mx of HEP b
pegylated interferon
80
how is HPE tramitted
blood or bodily fluids
81
what is used to treat hep B
protease inhibitors
82
co infection with Hep b
D
83
what hep cause an increased risk of hepatoceullular cancer
B+C
84
herpes simplex can present as
priamry - severe gingivostomatitis
cold sores
painful genital ulceration
85
86
acicilvoir is given -- for genital herpes
oral
87
most common cause of dirrhoea in HIV
cryptosporidium
red cyst of ziehl neelsen stain
88
kaposi sarcoma in HIV can present as
pruple paules or plaques on skin
89
recomendation for starting anti retroviral therapy for HIV
start as soon as been diagnsoed with HIV rather than waiting until a particular CD4 coutn
90
3 drugs part of ART in HIV
2 nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors
then either a protease inhinitor or a non nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor
91
toxoplasmosis or lymophoma are brain complciations of HIV whats difference
toxoplasmosis - ring enhancement
lymphoma- solid enhancement
92
all pts with a CD4 count less than 200 should recieve
pneumocystis jiroveci prophylaxis
93
what is a common complication of pneumocystis jiroveci
pneumothorax
94
what stain can shows cysts in PCP
silver
95
bilateral infiltratesin PCP
yep
96
PCP exercise
induced desaturation
97
mx of PCP is co trimoxazole which is a combo of
sulfamethoxazole and trimethroprim
98
HIV seroconversion typically presents
gladnular fever type illness 2-12 weeks after infection
99
what is standard for the diagnosign and screenign of HIV
combo test - p24 antigen and HIV antibody. if pos repeat to confirm
100
testing for HIV in asymptomatic patients should be done at -- weeks after possible exposure
4
101
How many doses of HPV given to kids
one
102
HPV is linked to 99.& of cervical cancer bu also 85% of
anal cancers
103
what can also present in psoterior triangle of enck in contrast to tonsillits which is just anterior triangle
glandular fever
104
diagnsoing glandualr fever
heterophil antibody test in 2nd week of illness
105
mx of glandualr fever
rest, aalgesia avoid contact sports for 4 weeks
106
maculopapular rash devloping after taking amxo
glandualr fever
107
gladnualr fever can have a transient rise in
ALT
108
diagnosing legionella
urianry antigen
109
how is legionella treated
macrolide
110
what is Lemierres syndrome
infectious thrombophelbitis of the Internal jugular vein
often secondary to sore throat/peritonsillar abscess
111
how does leprosy present
patches of hypopoigmented skin and sensory loss
112
what occurs from infected rat urine
leptosporosis
113
bulls eye rash in LYmes
erythema migrans
114
first line test for Lymes
ELISA
115
mx of lymes
doxy
116
Jarisch-Herxheimer reaction is sometimes seen after initiating therapy: fever, rash, tachycardia after first dose of antibiotic (more commonly seen in syphilis, another spirochaetal disease)
in lymes
117
most common malaria and most dangerous
falciparum
118
protective factors from malaria
sickle cell
G6PD def
119
what is the hallmark for malaria
fever - often cyclical
120
what is promient in malaria and often severe
headache
121
mx of malaria
ucomplicated - artermisinin based combination therapies (ACTs)
if severe- IV artesunate ( in preference to IV quinine)
122
most common cause of malria that is non falciparum
plasmodium vivax
123
2 things that can cuase a false neg Mantoux test
steriod therapy
sarcoidosis
124
most common cuase of meningitis in under 3 months
group B strep
125
difference in nCSF between bacterial and tb
in bacterial white cells = 10-5000
tb = 30- 300
126
pt suspected of meningococcal mengitiis what can be given if doesnt delay transit to hospital
IM benzylpeniccilin
127
when should not do LP in mengitisi
evolving rash
raised ICP
GCS<9
128
mx for menignitis if under 60
ceftriaxone
if over 60
add amox
129
when would you add vanco for menigitis treatemtn
if recent prolonged /multiple antibioitc use or travel to areas with highly resistant pneumococci
130
avoid dexamethasone in
meningococal septicameia
131
mengitis mx for under 3 months
cefotxime and amox
132
when should contact of meningitis be given prophyalcic antibitocs
if had contact with person 7 days before onset
133
what is the prophyalxis given for mengigitis
oral ciprofoxacin or rifampicin
134
otehr s/e of metrondiazole
inceases effect of warfarin
135
who should get MRSA swab
nearly everyone except if terminate preg or day opthalmic surg also psy pts
136
nose for MRSA give
mupirocin
137
mg for mRSA on skin
chlorhexidine glucoante
138
antibiotic commonly used for mRSA infections
vanc
139
testicualr pain post mumps
orchitis
140
mycoplasma pneumonaie think
young people
erythema multiforme
cold autoimmuen ahemolytic anaemai
141
mycoplasma pneumoniae It is important to recognise atypical pneumonia as it may not respond to penicillins or cephalosporins due to it lacking a peptidoglycan cell wall.
give doxy or macrolide
142
nec fasc often occurs post surgery in who
diabetics particualrly if on SGLT2i
143
most common affected site of nec fasc in
perineum
144
how does nec fasc present
rapdily owrsening cellultiis out of keeping with physical features
145
mx of nec fasc
urgent surgical referral for debreidemetn and IV antiviotics
146
dx noravirus
history and stool PCR
147
rotavirus
symptoms of noravirus but under 5
148
salmonella is foten from
unpasterusied eggs or milk - often ahs high fever
149
e.coli incubation period is around 3-4 days
150
IS HIV a notifiable disease
no
151
what are worreid about parovirsu in preg
hydropes fetalis
152
what pneumonia infection is common after flu infection
aureus
153
is tehre post exposure prophyalxis for hep C
no
154
HIV post exposure prophylaxis
tenofovir +raltegravir
started asap and alsts 4 week s
reduces tramsiiion by 80%
155
igG neg women exposure to varicella zoster should be given if preg
varicella zoster immunoglobulin. if been greater than 10 dyas since expsoure then oral aciclovir
156
most sensitive diagnostic test of hyposplenism
radionucleotide labelled red cell scan
157
peniciclin ususally given for antibiotic prophylaxis
Pen V
158
persisitent fever loo for what malgignacy
lymphoma
159
q fever - coxiella burnetii
cattle/sheep
160
hydrphobia as watwr provikes msucle spasms in
rabies
161
the wound should be washed
if an individual is already immunised then 2 further doses of vaccine should be given
if not previously immunised then human rabies immunoglobulin (HRIG) should be given along with a full course of vaccination. If possible, the dose should be administered locally around the wound
rabies
162
common cold virus
rhinovirsu
163
most commonc cause of broncheictasis exacerbation
H infleunza
164
---can also be used for prophylaxis in those who have had close contact with tuberculosis or meningitis.
rifampicin
165
Reoviridae are the only double-stranded RNA viruses
rest are single
166
rash: maculopapular, initially on the face before spreading to the whole body, usually fades by the 3-5 day
lymphadenopathy: suboccipital and postauricular
rubella
167
swimmers itch
shistosomiasis
168
shistosoma eggs can predispose to
bladder cancer
169
gold ix for schsitoma
urine or stool microscopy looking for eggs
170
sofa score
sepsis
171
news of 5 or more + infection
think sepsis
172
qSOFA score
Respiratory rate > 22/min
Altered mentation
Systolic blood pressure < 100 mm Hg
if 2 of these presnet think sepsis
173
Responds only to voice or pain/ unresponsive
Acute confusional state
Systolic B.P <= 90 mmHg (or drop >40 from normal)
Heart rate > 130 per minute
Respiratory rate >= 25 per minute
Needs oxygen to keep SpO2 >=92%
Non-blanching rash, mottled/ ashen/ cyanotic
Not passed urine in last 18 h/ UO < 0.5 ml/kg/hr
Lactate >=2 mmol/l
Recent chemotherapy
if any of theese red flaggs are present - start sepsis 6
174
first thing that will happen post spelnectomy
platelets rise
175
staphlococcal toxic shock shyndrome
infected tampons
176
most common organism found in central line infections
epidermidis
177
co trimoxazole is a mix of
sulfamethoxazole and timethroprim
178
what results in scarlet fever
strep pyogenes
179
even though antibiotics not receommneded for gastroneteritis if want to for campylobacter which one
quinolones
180
syphillis presents as
painless ulcer(chancre)
non tender lymphadenoapthy
snail track ulcers on mouth
condylomata lata (painless warty lesions on the genitalia)
tabes dorsalis
181
syphillis mx
IM benzylpenicillin
182
tetanus presents with
trismus (lockjaw)
arched back and hyperextended neck
183
how many vaccines do ypu get in life for tetanus
5
184
when give another teatnus vaccine
last vaccines greater than 10 years ago and high risk wound
185
why should tetracyclines not be used in those under 12
discolouration of teeth
186
other umporatn thing to note when prescribing tetracyclines
photosensitive
187
toxoplasmosis typically resembles
glandular fever
188
remeber what if presents with yellow green dischaarge
trichomonas
189
what can interact with trimethroprim
methotrexate
190
what can cause a transient rise of creatinine
trimethroprim
191
what should not be used in the first trim of preg
trimethrporim
192
treating latent tb
3 months RI (with pyridoxine)
or
6 months I (with pyridoxine)
193
latent tb
not infectious
194
latent tb diagnosed
pos tuberculin skin test or interferon gamma release assay with normal cxr
195
tb mx
2 months RIPE
4 months RI
196
tb mx differ if meningoccal tb
at leasta 12 months treatment with addition of steriods
197
pyrazinamide
hyperuric causing gout
198
ghon focus
lung lesion +plus affceted lymph nodes
199
granloma in tb is
collection of epithelioid histiocytes
200
main test to screen for tb
Mantoux
201
thing to not about acid fast bacilli in ziehl neelsen stain
all myobacteria stat pos so even non tuberuculous myobacteria
202
gold standard for tb
sputum culture
203
secondary tb affecting cervical lymph nodes
scrofuloderma
204
most serious complciation od secodnary tb
tb meningitis
205
only ocassion urine dip can be done
women under 65
206
UTI treatment in non preg women vs men
women = 3 days
men = 7
preg women = 7
207
UTI in preg
1. nitro (avoid near term)
2nd line amox or ceflaxin
trimetrhriprim should be avoided
208
asympatic bacteria in preg women give
immediate antibiotics
209
test of cure should be doen
in preg women with UTI
210
vancomycin s/e
red man syndrome
211
