optho

Question 1

what assess for IOP

Answer 1

tonometry

Question 2

alongside eye drops what is used IV for clsoed angle glaucoma

Answer 2

acetozoalmide

Question 3

definitive mx of closed angle glaucoma

Answer 3

laser peipheral iridotomoy

Question 4

fluctuations in vision may vary from day to day in

Answer 4

armd

Question 5

mx of dry MARD

Answer 5

zinc with vitamins

Question 6

photophobia often intense in

Answer 6

anterior uveitis

Question 7

mx of antrior uveitis

Answer 7

dilate the pupil eg atropine, cyclopentolate

Question 8

argyll robertson seen in

Answer 8

diabetes and syphillis

Question 9

symptoms of blepharitis are usually

Answer 9

bilateral
grittiness
may be sticky

Question 10

mx of blepahritis

Answer 10

hot compress twice a day
cotton wool buds dipped in a mixture of cooled boiled water and baby shamp00 - to remvoe debris from lid margins

Question 11

what suggests a refractive error (issue with sight)

Answer 11

vision improves when using pinhole occluder

Question 12

what can see cataracts

Answer 12

slit lamp

Question 13

non surgical mx of cataracts

Answer 13

prescribe strogner glasses
encourgae use of brighter lighting

Question 14

cause of sudden unilateral vision loss

Answer 14

CRAO

Question 15

stromy sunset of fundoscopy

Answer 15

CRVO

Question 16

fluorescein staining done for

Answer 16

corneal abrasion

Question 17

mx of corneal abrasion

Answer 17

topical antibiotic - prevent sendaory infection

Question 18

cotton wool spots are soft exudates that represent areas of reitinal infraction seen in

Answer 18

diabetic retinopathy

Question 19

retinal neovasculrisation in diabetic retinoapthy can lead to

Answer 19

vitreous haemorhaeg

Question 20

alongside VEGF inhibitors what can also be used for proliferative retinopathy in diabetics

Answer 20

panretinal laser photcoagualtion

Question 21

complciation of panretinal photocoagulation

Answer 21

decrease in night vision as rods are in peripheral vision

Question 22

in episcleritis what happends when gentle pressure is appplied to sclera

Answer 22

the vessels are mobile
in scelritis vessels are deeper hence do not move

Question 23

what can differentiate episcelritis from scleritis

Answer 23

phenylephrine drops- imporves redness with episcleritis

Question 24

dfiference between stye and chalazion

Answer 24

stye - sore & near eyelid margin
chalazion - not painful and away from eye lid margin

Question 25

mx of stye

Answer 25

hot compress and analegsia

Question 26

how does herpes simplex keratitis most commonly present

Answer 26

dendrtic corneal ulcer immediate refer to to optho+ topcial aciclovir

Question 27

vesicular rash around eye that extends to tip of nose

Answer 27

shingles - called herpes zoster opthalmicus

Question 28

holmes adie pupil

Answer 28

dilated pupil slow to accomodate and poor response to light syndrome if also got absent ankle/knee reflexes

Question 29

small pupil ptosis (droopy eye) loss of sweating one side

Answer 29

horner syndrome

Question 30

apraclonidine drops does what to horners

Answer 30

dilates horners eye but mildly constricts normal eye

Question 31

in horners just anhidryosis of face

Answer 31

pancoast tumour

Question 32

in horners anhidrysosis of face, arms and trunk

Answer 32

stroke MS syrinomyelia =SSSS

Question 33

horners wih no anhidrysiss

Answer 33

Carotid artery dissection Carotid aneurysm Cavernous sinus thrombosis Cluster headache = CCCCCCC

Question 34

what should not be worn durin an episode of conjuctitis

Answer 34

contact lens

Question 35

topical antibiotic if needed for bacterial conjunctivitis

Answer 35

Chloramphenicol

Question 36

what give instead of chloemaphenciol in preg women

Answer 36

fusidic acid

Question 37

cuase of keratitis in contact lens users

Answer 37

Psedomonas aeruginosa

Question 38

cuase of keratitis if been freshwater swimming

Answer 38

acanthamoebic keratitis - pain out of proportion to clinical findings

Question 39

contact lens users with a painful red eye should get same day assessment to rule out microbial keratitis

Question 40

keratitis mx

Answer 40

stop using contact len until resovled topical wuinolone first line cycloplegic for pain releif

Question 41

most common cause of persistent watery eye in infant is nasolacrimal duct obstruction - mx

Answer 41

massage lacrimal duct refer if not resolved by 1 year old

Question 42

Hyphema (blood in anterior chamber_) in context of trauma - urgent referral

Answer 42

risk of rasied ICP

Question 43

mx of hyphema

Answer 43

strict bed rest - excessive movement can worsen

Question 44

orbital compartmetn syndrome can present with

Answer 44

rock hard eyelids and proptosis

Question 45

features of optic neuritis

Answer 45

- unilateral decrease in visual acuity poor discrimation of colours pain worse on eye movemetn rapd central scotoma

Question 46

ix for optic nerutiris

Answer 46

MRI of brain and orbits with gadolonium contrast

Question 47

differentator of pre septal cellulitis from orbital cellulitis

Answer 47

preseptal does not have pain on eye movement

Question 48

ix for orbital cellulitis

Answer 48

FBC, clinical exam CT with contrast (to assess posterior spread of infection) blod cultures and swab to determine organism - hosital with IV antbitocs

Question 49

features of papillodema

Answer 49

venous engorgement is usually first sign bullring of optic disc margin

Question 50

posterior vitreous detachment mx

Answer 50

does not cause permanent vision loss and symptoms gradually improve over 6 months and so no treatment is necesary however if tehre is an associated retinal tear or detachemnt the pt will require surgery to fix this

Question 51

All patients with suspected vitreous detachment should be examined by an ophthalmologist within 24hours to rule out retinal tears or detachment.

Question 52

presentation of posterior vitresous detachement

Answer 52

floater on temporal side and flashes of light

Question 53

Signs: Weiss ring on ophthalmoscopy (the detachment of the vitreous membrane around the optic nerve to form a ring-shaped floater).

Answer 53

Posterior vitreous detachment

Question 54

what should be done in all pts suspected to have orbital cellulitis

Answer 54

coontrast CT

Question 55

mx of preseptal cellulitis

Answer 55

- secondary care oral antibiotics

Question 56

first line mx for open anagle glaucoma

Answer 56

360 degree selective laser trabeculplasty

Question 57

is eye drops or 360 laser trabeculoplassty first line for open angle glaucoma

Answer 57

360 laser trabaculplasty

Question 58

imporant symptom to remeber for open angle glaucoma

Answer 58

peripheral visual field loss (tunnel vision)

Question 59

optic disc upping >0.7 is

Answer 59

abnormal

Question 60

RAPD

Answer 60

eyes dilate when light is shown on affected eye

Question 61

caues of RAPD

Answer 61

retinal detachemnt optic neuritis

Question 62

why do you get flashes and flaoters in retinal detachment

Answer 62

retina attaches to pigment epithelium so when comes away pigment cells enter the vitreous space on traction

Question 63

what also get in retinal detachemnt

Answer 63

curtain or shadow progressing to centre

Question 64

night blindness and tunnel vision

Answer 64

retinitis pigementosa

Question 65

most common occular manifestation in RA

Answer 65

keratoconjucitivits sicca

Question 66

scleritis tends to be non infective so treated with

Answer 66

NSAIDs but still need same day assement by opthamologist

Question 67

failure to correct squint leads to

Answer 67

amblyopia

Question 68

detect squint

Answer 68

light over puils and see if is symmetrical on pupils cover test too refer to secondary care and may be given eye patches

Question 69

4 causes of sudden painless loss of vision

Answer 69

CRAO/CRVO vitreous haemorrhage retinal detachemnt retinal migraine

Question 70

common cause of vitreous haemorrhage

Answer 70

diaebets