pharmacology

Question 1

adrenaline doses

Answer 1

anaphylaxis - 0.5ml
cardiac arrest. - 1ml in 1000

Question 2

oppose adrenaline use

Answer 2

phentolamine

Question 3

what promotes abstincence in alocholics

Answer 3

disulfram

Question 4

what reduces alchol cravings

Answer 4

acamprosate

Question 5

allopurinol inhibits

Answer 5

xanthine oxidase

Question 6

when can cosdier allopurinol for gout

Answer 6

after first attcak

Question 7

should stop allopurinol immediately if

Answer 7

develop a rash

Question 8

allopurinol interacts with

Answer 8

azathioprine

Question 9

who takes allopurinol for life

Answer 9

Lesch Nyhan syndrome

Question 10

doxazosin and tamsulosin are alpha blockers and s/e to remeber is

Answer 10

postural hypotension

Question 11

you dont need to stop amiodarone if develop hypothyroidism but should if develop

Answer 11

thyrotoxicosis

Question 12

what can cuase a slate grey appearance

Answer 12

amiodarone

Question 13

amiodarone decreases warfarin but increases

Answer 13

digoxin levels

Question 14

Aspirin should not be used in children under — due to the risk of Reye’s syndrome. An exception is Kawasaki disease, where the benefits are thought to outweigh the risks.

Answer 14

16

Question 15

reversal of beta blcokers

Answer 15

atropine
if resistant then glucagon

Question 16

what CCB affect the peripheral vascualr smooth muscle more than mycoardium so do not worsen heart failure but may cause more ankle swelling

Answer 16

nifedipine, amlodopine

Question 17

nifedidpine cna cause

Answer 17

reflex tachycardia

Question 18

what should not be given with beta blcokers as may cause heart block

Answer 18

verapamil and diltiazem but especially verapamil shouldnt

Question 19

ox sats may not be represenatiive in carbon monosxide posioning so do

Answer 19

abg

Question 20

key investigation for carcbon monoxide posioning

Answer 20

carboxyhaemoglobin levels

Question 21

pt has MI from cocaine issue still give

Answer 21

benzos

Question 22

diclofenac not good if got

Answer 22

heart issues

Question 23

what inhibits Na/K ATPase pump

Answer 23

digoxin

Question 24

what can cause yellow-green vision

Answer 24

digoxin

Question 25

why is hypokalamia a precipitating factor of digoxin toxicity

Answer 25

digoxin normally binds to the ATPase pump on the same site as potassium. Hypokalaemia → digoxin more easily bind to the ATPase pump → increased inhibitory effects

Question 26

bromocriptine, ropinirole, cabergoline

Answer 26

dopamine agonist

Question 27

The following drugs commonly cause urticaria: aspirin penicillins NSAIDs opiates

Question 28

main monitoring parameters for statins

Answer 28

LFTs

Question 29

main monitoring for acei

Answer 29

U&es

Question 30

methotrexate and azathiprine

Answer 30

FBC, LFT and UE (last for meth)

Question 31

monitoring for sodium valpraote

Answer 31

LFTs

Question 32

what drugs reduce hypoglycaemic awareness in diabetics

Answer 32

beta blcokers

Question 33

what can cause blue colour discolouration

Answer 33

sildenafil

Question 34

It should be noted that 5-HT receptor agonists are used in the acute treatment of migraine whilst 5-HT receptor antagonists are used in prophylaxis

Question 35

inhibitor of 5 alpha reductase

Answer 35

finasteride

Question 36

s/e of finasteride

Answer 36

impotence, decreased libido

Question 37

flecainide is contrainidcates in

Answer 37

strictural heart disease eg hert failure

Question 38

how if gnetamicin given

Answer 38

Iv or topical

Question 39

when is gentamicin contradinciated

Answer 39

myastehnia gravis

Question 40

heparins act by

Answer 40

activating antithrombin III

Question 41

monitoring of heparin

Answer 41

APTT

Question 42

prophylaxis of VTE

Answer 42

LMWH

Question 43

reversal for heparin

Answer 43

protamine sulphate

Question 44

weird thing about heparin induced thrombocytopenia

Answer 44

despite being associated with low platelets HIT is actually a prothrombotic condition

Question 45

what is HRT protective from

Answer 45

it increases bone mineral density so prevents osteoporosis

Question 46

In HRT what can be classes as the progesterone compoennt

Answer 46

Mirena

Question 47

method of HRT is better is women at risk of VTE

Answer 47

patch

Question 48

major side effect with magnesium salts

Answer 48

diarrhoea

Question 49

unusual effect of thiazide on lithiun

Answer 49

can cause toxocity

Question 50

lithium toxicity mx

Answer 50

saline

Question 51

statins should be stopped whilst taking a course of macrolides. Macrolides inhibit the cytochrome P450 isoenzyme CYP3A4 that metabolises statins. Taking macrolides concurrently with statins significantly increases the risk of myopathy and rhabdomyolysis.

Question 52

s/e of spinal anaesthesia

Answer 52

urinary retentio

Question 53

paracemetol has little ---

Answer 53

antinflammatroy effect but is an anelgesic and antipyretic

Question 54

what is common for taking methotrexate

Answer 54

GI s/e

Question 55

why should metformin be stopped following a MI

Answer 55

increased risk of lactic acidosis

Question 56

should stop metformin on day and 48hrs after if receiveing iodine containing contrast eg coronary angio

Answer 56

due to risk of renal impairment

Question 57

best treatment for motion sickness

Answer 57

Hyoscine patch

Question 58

opiod misuse

Answer 58

rhinorrhoea watering eyes yawning

Question 59

opiod detoxification

Answer 59

methadone or buprenorphine

Question 60

mx of tricyclic antidepressant overdose

Answer 60

IV bicarboante

Question 61

P450 inducers

Answer 61

phenytoin carbamazepin e rifampicin chronic alchol intake smoking

Question 62

Acetylcysteine commonly causes an anaphylactoid reaction (non-IgE mediated mast cell release). Anaphylactoid reactions to IV acetylcysteine are generally treated by stopping the infusion, then restarting at a slower rate.

Answer 62

n- acetylcystein

Question 63

what is the most important prognostic indciator for liver transplant post paracetemol overdose

Answer 63

arterial pH

Question 64

zero order kinetics means

Answer 64

drug is metabolsied at set rate regardless of teh conc of it

Question 65

sildenafil (viagra)

Answer 65

phosphodiesterase 5 inhibitor- taken 1hr before sexual activity

Question 66

contraindications of viagra

Answer 66

if taking nitrates and nicorandil `MI in last 6 month s hyptesnion

Question 67

viagra can cause a blue discolouration and nasal congestion and flushing

Question 68

K sparing diuretics should be used with caution in pts taking acei as they

Answer 68

precipitate hyperkalaemai

Question 69

spironolactone often used in

Answer 69

ascites

Question 70

Drugs to avoid in renal failure antibiotics: tetracycline, nitrofurantoin NSAIDs lithium metformin

Question 71

quinolones eg ciprofloxacin

Answer 71

lower seizure threhold tendon damage - risk also icnreased if also taking steriods avoid in G6PD

Question 72

what may be an early symptom of aspirin overdose

Answer 72

tinntius

Question 73

resp alkalosis then met acidosis

Answer 73

salicyclate overdose

Question 74

SSRIs St John's Wort, often taken over the counter for depression, can interact with SSRIs to cause serotonin syndrome tramadol may also interact with SSRIs

Answer 74

serotonin syndrome

Question 75

side effect of fluclox and co-amoxiclav

Answer 75

cholestasis

Question 76

tzds s/e

Answer 76

weigh gain fluid retention fracture

Question 77

glitptins

Answer 77

pancreatitis

Question 78

lithium not used in as can cause

Answer 78

ebstein anamoly

Question 79

lithium levels hould be taken when

Answer 79

12hrs psot dose

Question 80

trastuzumab in breast cancer against what receptr

Answer 80

HER2

Question 81

tricyclic antidepressat overdsoe what particualry bad in overdose

Answer 81

amitriptyline

Question 82

first lien reversal for tricyclic

Answer 82

IV bicarboante