Inheritance Details Flashcards
Chromosomes are made of…
DNA
(In terms of X an Y chromosomes)Males have…
one X chromosome and one Y chromosome
(In terms of X an Y chromosomes)Females have…
two X chromosomes
One of the pairs of chromosomes(in diploid cells of humans) codes for sex inheritance(T/F)
True
Different sequences of amino acids result in…
different shapes of protein molecules
Function of DNA
-Contains genetic information in the form of genes
-Controls cell functions by controlling the production of proteins(including enzymes, membrane carriers and receptors for neurotransmitters)
Why many genes in the body cells of an organisms are not expressed(even though they are present)
The cell only makes the specific proteins that it needs
How mRNA bases bind to DNA bases
U(mRNA) ←→ A(DNA)
A(mRNA) ←→ T(DNA)
C(mRNA) ←→ G(DNA)
G(mRNA) ←→ C(DNA)
How a protein is made
-DNA double helix opens up, resulting in 2 exposed strands
-mRNA(messenger RNA) binds to the exposed bases and makes a copy of the DNA
-mRNA leaves the nucleus and goes to the ribosome(in the cytoplasm)
NB: DNA cannot leave the nucleus(so the gene coding for the protein remains in the nucleus)
-Ribosomes read the mRNA and codes every 3 mRNA bases into an amino acid
-Ribosomes assemble amino acids into protein molecules
The specific sequence of amino acids is determined by the…
the sequence of bases in the mRNA
Role of mitosis
-Growth
-Repair of damaged tissues
-Replacement of cells
-Asexual reproduction
What occurs before mitosis
The exact replication of chromosomes
What happens during mitosis
The copies of chromosomes separate, maintaining the chromosome number in each daughter cell
Role of meiosis
Involved in the production of gametes
Features of mitosis
-Produces 2 daughter cells
-Daughter cells are diploid
-Daughter cells are genetically identical to parent cell(no genetic crossing over)
-One stage process
-Happens everywhere in the body
