Integumentary

Question 1

Regulates body temperature
* Stores blood
* Protects body from external environment
* Detects cutaneous sensations
* Excretes and absorbs substances
* Synthesizes vitamin D

Answer 1

Integumentary System

Question 2

Two ways the skin regulates temperature (thermoregulation)

Answer 2

1. Liberating sweat at its surface
2. Adjusting flow of blood in the dermis

Question 3

(Blood reservoir) ______ houses an extensive network of blood vessels
* ____ of total blood flow

Answer 3

Dermis, 8-10%

Question 4

(protection) _____ in the skin protects underlying tissues from microbes, abrasion, heat, and chemicals

Answer 4

Keratin

Question 5

_____ released by lamellar granules inhibit evaporation of water from the skin surface

Answer 5

Lipids

Question 6

_____ against damaging UV light

Answer 6

Melanin

Question 7

_____ is the largest sensory organ

Answer 7

Skin

Question 8

What type of vitamins does the skin absorb?

Answer 8

Fat soluble vitamins (ADEK)

Question 9

_____minutes ____ a week is required for Vitamin D synthesis

Answer 9

10-15, 2x

Question 10

4 principal types of cell in epidermis

Answer 10

• keratinocytes
• Langerhans cells
• melanocytes
• tactile epithelial cells

Question 11

90% of the epidermal cells arranged in four or five layers and produce the protein ____

Answer 11

keratin

Question 12

Intraepidermal macrophages
participate in immune
responses

Answer 12

Langerhans cells

Question 13

8% of the cells and produce the
pigment ____

Answer 13

melanin

Question 14

Cells responsible for detecting touch sensations

Answer 14

Tactile epithelial cells

Question 15

5 layers of epidermis (CLGSB)

Answer 15

• Stratum Corneum
• Stratum Lucidum
• Stratum Granulosum
• Stratum Spinosum
• Stratum Basale

Question 16

• Dead keratinocytes
• Continuously being
  shed

Answer 16

Stratum corneum

Question 17

• Found only in thick skin
• Flattened, clear, dead keratinocytes

Answer 17

Stratum lucidum

Question 18

Contains keratohyaline
granules

Answer 18

Stratum granulosum

Question 19

• Thickest sublayer
• Provides strength and flexibility

Answer 19

Stratum spinosum

Question 20

• Deepest layer
• Single row of cuboidal to low columnar cells
• Produce new keratinocytes

Answer 20

Stratum basale

Question 21

a. Present in keratinocytes
b. Release a lipid-rich secretion that acts as a water-repellent sealant,
retarding loss of body fluids and entry of foreign materials

Answer 21

Lamellar granules

Question 22

As the cells move from one epidermal layer to the next, they accumulate more and more keratin, a process called _____.

Answer 22

keratinization

Question 23

Newly formed cells in the _____ are slowly pushed to the surface.

Answer 23

stratum basale

Question 24

Deeper part of the skin
* Composed mainly of connective tissue containing collagen and
elastic fibers

Answer 24

Dermis

Question 25

The superficial part makes up about 1/5 of the thickness * Thin layer of areolar connective tissue and elastic fibers * Dermal papillae * Capillary loops and nerve endings

Answer 25

Dermis: Papillary layer

Question 26

Thick collagen bundles and some coarse elastic fibers * Dense irregular connective tissue * Appendages are found

Answer 26

Dermis: Reticular layer

Question 27

Striae: a form of internal scarring

Answer 27

Stretch marks

Question 28

Internal damage to dermis when skin is stretched to much * Bonding between collagen fibers disrupted, small dermal blood vessels rupture * Appear as reddish streaks * Then as silvery white streaks * Pregnancy, weight-lifters, obesity

Answer 28

Stretch marks

Question 29

Downward projections of the epidermis into the dermis * Create strong bond between epidermis and dermis in areas of high mechanical stress

Answer 29

Epidermal ridges

Question 30

Increase surface area to increase grip of hand and foot by increasing friction * Increase surface area to increase tactile sensitivity * Contribute to the formation of fingerprints (or footprints) * Unique for each individual

Answer 30

Epidermal ridges

Question 31

Increase surface contact between epidermis and dermis * Extensive network of small blood vessels, important source of nutrition

Answer 31

Dermal Papillae

Question 32

Epidermis and dermis fit to form extremely strong junction * Strengthens skin against shearing forces that attempt to separate these two

Answer 32

Dermal papillae

Question 33

Produced by melanocytes * Amount of ____ causes the skin’s color to vary from pale yellow to reddish-brown to black * Freckles, age spots * Albinism, vitiligo

Answer 33

Melanin

Question 34

Red color; due to oxygen carrying pigment of RBCs

Answer 34

Hemoglobin

Question 35

Yellow-orange pigment

Answer 35

Carotene

Question 36

Accessory structures of the skin

Answer 36

Nail, hair

Question 37

Made up of flattened structures of horny or cornified texture * Found on dorsal surfaces of the terminal phalanges, fingers and toes

Answer 37

Nail

Question 38

3 parts of the nail

Answer 38

Nail bed, matrix, lanula

Question 39

Thin, non-cornified epithelium on which the nail plate lies

Answer 39

Nail bed

Question 40

Proximal, thicker part of the nail bed * Responsible for nail growth

Answer 40

Matrix

Question 41

Near the root of the nail, the nail bed is less vascular and nail not firmly adhered to the connective tissue stratum. * Portion of a whiter color and called the on account of its shape

Answer 41

Lanula

Question 42

Present in all parts of the body except * palms and soles * dorsal surfaces of the terminal phalanges * glans penis * inner surface of the prepuce * inner surfaces of the labia

Answer 42

Hair

Question 43

____ develops from the gland-like growth of the epidermis into the dermis which gives rise to the hair follicles.

Answer 43

Hair

Question 44

Main body of the hair

Answer 44

Hair shaft

Question 45

Bundles of smooth muscles typically associated with hair follicles * Erect the usually obliquely lying hair * Exert pressure upon sebaceous glands, causes the discharge of their secretion into the hair follicle.

Answer 45

Arrector pili muscles

Question 46

Contraction of the ______ give rise to bumps on the skin or “goose flesh”

Answer 46

arrector pili muscles

Question 47

* Decrease in number, stiffen, break apart, and disorganize into a shapeless, matted tangle

Answer 47

Collagen fibers in the dermis

Question 48

* Lose some of their elasticity, thicken into clumps, and fray, an effect that is greatly accelerated in the skin of smokers

Answer 48

Elastic fibers

Question 49

* Produce collagen and elastic fibers * Decrease in number result wrinkles

Answer 49

Fibroblasts

Question 50

_____ – skin forms characteristic crevices & furrows.

Answer 50

Wrinkles

Question 51

Most age-related changes begin at about age ___

Answer 51

40