Tissue

Question 1

4 fundamental types of tissue

Answer 1

Epithelial
Connective
Muscular
Nervous

Question 2

diverse group that includes:
- surface
- glands/solid organs

Answer 2

Epithelial tissue

Question 3

Forms the outer covering of the skin and outer covering of some internal organs

Answer 3

Epithelial tissue

Question 4

Also lines body cavities, blood vessels, ducts, and the interiors of the respiratory, digestive, urinary, and reproductive systems

Answer 4

Epithelial tissue

Question 5

Surface exposed to a body cavity, lining of an internal organ, or the exterior of the body

Answer 5

Apical surface

Question 6

Epithelial tissue that is Deep to the surface

Answer 6

Basal surface

Question 7

Face cells on either side

Answer 7

Lateral surfaces

Question 8

Function of epithelial tissue

Answer 8

• protection
• secretion
• absorption

Question 9

Cell shapes

Answer 9

• squamous cells
• cuboidal cells
• columnar cells

Question 10

thin, and this allows for the rapid passage of substances through them

Answer 10

Squamous cells

Question 11

as tall as they are wide and are shaped like cubes or hexagons. They may have microvilli at their apical surface and function in either secretion or absorption.

Answer 11

Cuboidal cells

Question 12

much taller than they are wide, like columns, and protect underlying tissues. Their apical surfaces may have cilia or microvilli, and they often are specialized for secretion and absorption.

Answer 12

Columnar cells

Question 13

3 types of epithelial tissue

Answer 13

Simple, stratified, transitional

Question 14

Type of epithelial tissue which is composed of a single layer of identical cells

Answer 14

Simple

Question 15

Type of epithelial tissue that consists of layers

Answer 15

Stratified

Question 16

(simple epithelium)
◦ Rectangular-shaped
◦ Alimentary tract
◦ Absorption, secretion
◦ Goblet cells

Answer 16

Simple columnar

Question 17

(stratified epithelium)
◦ Wet surfaces
◦ Lining of mouth, pharynx, esophagus, vagina

Answer 17

Non-keratinized

Question 18

(stratified epithelium)
* Dry surfaces
◦ Wear and tear
◦ Skin, hair, nails

Answer 18

Keratinized

Question 19

(simple epithelium)
With fine hair-like processes – CILIA
◦ Movement
◦ Respiratory passages

Answer 19

Simple ciliated

Question 20

A ___ may consist of one cell or a group of highly specialized epithelial cells that secrete substances into ducts, onto a surface, or into the blood

Answer 20

gland

Question 21

Glands are either _____ or ____

Answer 21

Endocrine or exocrine

Question 22

_______ enter the interstitial fluid and then diffuse into the bloodstream without flowing through a duct. These secretions are called ______

Answer 22

Endocrine glands, hormones

Question 23

_______ secrete their products into ducts that empty at the surface of covering and lining epithelium such as the skin surface or the lumen of a hollow organ

Answer 23

Exocrine glands

Question 24

◦ One of the most abundant and widely distributed tissues in the body

Answer 24

Connective tissue

Question 25

◦ Connective tissue consists of two basic elements: ____ and _______

Answer 25

cells, extracellular matrix

Question 26

______ is the material between its widely spaced cells and consists of protein

Answer 26

Extracellular matrix

Question 27

Functions of connective tissue

Answer 27

- Supporting tissue, providing general structure, mechanical strength, space filling, etc.

Question 28

Connective tissue cells

Answer 28

Fibroblasts Adipocytes (fat cells) Macrophages Mast cells Plasma cells

Question 29

are large, flat cells with branching processes. They are present in several connective tissues, and usually are the most numerous.

Answer 29

Fibroblasts

Question 30

Also known as fat cells

Answer 30

Adipocytes

Question 31

Are phagocytes that develop from monocytes, a type of white blood cell

Answer 31

Macrophages

Question 32

Are involved in the inflammatory response and also kill bacteria

Answer 32

Mast cells

Question 33

Important part of the body's immune response

Answer 33

Plasma cells

Question 34

________ in the extracellular matrix strengthen and support connective tissues

Answer 34

Fibers

Question 35

- Very strong and resist pulling forces, but they are not stiff, which promotes tissue flexibility. ◦ These fibers often occur in bundles lying parallel to one another

Answer 35

Collagen fibers

Question 36

◦ Smaller in diameter than collagen fibers, branch and join together to form a network within a tissue ◦ Consists of molecules of a protein called elastin surrounded by a glycoprotein named fibrillin ◦ Strong and can be stretched up to 1½ times their relaxed length without breaking.

Answer 36

Elastic fibers

Question 37

◦ Consist of collagen and a coating of glycoprotein ◦ Provide support in the walls of blood vessels and form branching networks around fat cells, nerve fibers, and skeletal and smooth muscle cells ◦ Provide support and strength ◦ Form the stroma (supporting framework) of many soft organs, such as the spleen and lymph nodes

Answer 37

Reticular fibers

Question 38

◦ Component of a connective tissue between the cells and fibers

Answer 38

Ground substance

Question 39

Types of loose connective tissue are:

Answer 39

◦ Areolar ◦ Adipose tissue ◦ Reticular

Question 40

Loosely arranged among the many cells

Answer 40

Loose connective tissue

Question 41

Contains more numerous, thicker, and denser fibers (more closely packed)

Answer 41

Dense connective tissue

Question 42

Three types of dense connective tissue

Answer 42

Dense regular ◦ Dense irregular

Question 43

Connective tissue types

Answer 43

◦Fibrous tissue ◦Elastic tissue ◦Blood ◦Lymphoid ◦Bone ◦Cartilage ◦Adipose

Question 44

◦ Elongated cells called muscle fibers that are highly specialized to generate force ◦ Produces motion, maintains posture, and generates heat

Answer 44

Muscle tissue

Question 45

3 Classification of muscle tissue

Answer 45

- Skeletal muscle - cardiac muscle - smooth muscle

Question 46

is named for its location- it is usually attached to the bones of the skeleton.

Answer 46

Skeletal muscle tissue

Question 47

forms the bulk of the wall of the heart.

Answer 47

Cardiac muscle tissue

Question 48

____ is located in the walls of hollow internal structures such as blood vessels, airways to the lungs, the stomach, intestines, gallbladder, and urinary bladder.

Answer 48

Smooth muscle tissue

Question 49

◦ Large, elongated multinucleated cells, ◦ Multiple peripherally situated nuclei ◦ Voluntary muscle ◦ Arranged in fascicles with endomysium, perimysium and epimysium ◦ Cross-striations due to organization of myofibrils ◦ Sliding filament mechanism of contraction

Answer 49

Skeletal muscle

Question 50

◦ Elongated branching cells, joined by intercalated discs ◦ Single central nucleus typical, some cells binucleated ◦ Involuntary muscle, spontaneously contractile, autonomic modulation ◦ Branching interconnected cells, functional syncytium ◦ Cross-striations due to organization of myofibrils ◦ Sliding filament mechanism of contraction

Answer 50

Cardiac muscle

Question 51

◦ Small cells, fusiform shape ◦ Single central nucleus ◦Involuntary, autonomic innervation ◦ Surrounding network of collagen ◦No striations ◦ Cells shorten and broaden on contraction

Answer 51

Smooth muscles

Question 52

◦Nervous system provides rapid and precise communication ◦ Between different parts of the body

Answer 52

Nervous tissue

Question 53

◦Action of specialized nerve cells : _____

Answer 53

neurons

Question 54

Functions ◦Gather and process information ◦Generate appropriate response signals.

Answer 54

Nervous tissue

Question 55

Non-excitable cells

Answer 55

Supporting cells

Question 56

Two main parts of nervous system

Answer 56

1. Central Nervous System (CNS) ◦ Brain ◦ Spinal cord 2. Peripheral Nervous System (PNS) ◦Nerves ◦ Run between CNS and other tissues ◦Ganglia ◦ Nerve ‘relay stations’

Question 57

____(tissue) has a poor capacity for repair.

Answer 57

Muscular tissue

Question 58

____ (tissue) has the worst capacity for repair of damaged cells

Answer 58

Nervous tissue

Question 59

_______ have a continuous capacity for repair.

Answer 59

Epithelial cells

Question 60

Some ______, such as bone, repair easily while other _____, such as cartilage, repair less readily.

Answer 60

connective tissues

Question 61

◦ _____ is the process that replaces worn-out, damaged, or dead cells.

Answer 61

Tissue repair

Question 62

(type of epithelium) ◦ Pear-shaped cell ◦ Urinary system ◦ Stretches as urine passes

Answer 62

Transitional epithelium

Question 63

if fibroblasts need to come in to repair the tissue, they synthesize materials that aggregate to form scar tissue, a process known as ____.

Answer 63

fibrosis