Male Reproductive System Flashcards
(108 cards)
1
Q
The male gonad
A
Testes
2
Q
produce sperm and endocrine cells secreting testosterone
A
testes
3
Q
propel spermatozoa and secretions to the penile urethra
A
genital ducts
4
Q
produce secretions required for sperm activity
A
Accessory Organs
5
Q
copulatory organ
A
penis
6
Q
- Production of gametes
- Fertilization
- Production of sex hormones
A
Functions of Male Reproductive Organ
7
Q
- contains testes
- contains dartos muscle that moves ____________ and testes close to and away from body depending on temperature
A
Scrotum
8
Q
- sperm must develop at temp. _______ (more or less?) than body temp.
A
less
9
Q
Primary male reproductive organ
A
Testes
10
Q
Contains:
* seminiferous tubules
* interstitial cells
* germ cells
* sustentacular cells
A
Testes
11
Q
where sperm is produced
A
seminiferous tubules
12
Q
These cells secrete testosterone
A
Interstitial cells (Leydig cells)
13
Q
This is the beginning of sperm cell
A
germ cell
14
Q
Cells that nourish germ cells and produce hormone
A
sustentacular cells
15
Q
Connective tissue capsule that covers the testes
A
tunica albuginea
16
Q
Tunica albuginea thickens on the posterior side to form the ______________
A
mediastinum testis
17
Q
__________ penetrate the testes to divide in into compartments/lobules
A
Septa
18
Q
Each lobule of the testis contains highly convoluted _______________
A
Seminiferous tubules
19
Q
Each lobule of testis consists of 1 to 4 seminiferous tubules and a connective tissue stroma – Interstitial tissue containing __________
A
Leydig cells
20
Q
between the seminiferous tubules of the testis; consists of connective tissue containing fibroblasts, lymphatics and blood vessels
A
Interstitial tissue
21
Q
round or polygonal cells with central nucleus and eosinophilic cytoplasm; produce the hormone TESTOSTERONE
A
Leydig cells
22
Q
Each seminiferous tubule is lined by a specialized stratified epithelium called as _______________
A
GERMINAL or SPERMATOGENIC EPITHELIUM
23
Q
Basement membrane covered with a fibrous connective tissue with an innermost layer containing flattened smooth muscle like __________ which allow weak contractions of the tubule
A
MYOID cells
24
Q
2 types of cells in germinal epithelium
A
- Spermatogenic cells
- Sertoli cell
25
Maturation, from immature to mature, of spermatogenic cells
* Spermatogonia
* Primary spermatocyte
* Secondary spermatocyte
* Spermatid
* Sperm cell
26
– nondividing tall, columnar cells;
sertoli cells
27
Identify the cell:
1. Support, protection and nutrition of the developing spermatogenic cells
2. Exocrine and Endocrine functions - secretes ______, and secretes _________ during fetal development
3. Phagocytosis
* Sertoli/Sustentacular Cell
* inhibin
* Mullerian inhibiting substance
28
What makes up the genital ducts?
* Epididymis
* Ductus/vas deferens
* urethra
29
* Long, comma shaped, highly coiled duct lies in the scrotum along the superior and posterior sides of each testis
* About 6 m in length
epididymis
30
3 parts of epididymis
head, body, tail
31
Part of epididymis where the efferent ductules enter
head
32
part of epididymis where sperm cells are stored until ejaculation
tail
33
- thread-like tubules on side of each testis
- where seminiferous tubules empty new sperm
- where sperm continue to mature develop ability to swim and bind to oocytes
Epididymis
34
- “vas deferens”
- extends from epididymis and joins seminal vesicle
- cut during a vasectomy
Ductus deferes
35
long , straight tube with a thick muscular wall and relatively small lumen, leaves the scrotum and continues toward the prostatic urethra
ductus/vas deferens
36
Forms the spermatic cord
ductus/vas deferens
37
Passes over the urinary bladder, crosses the ureter and the distal part enlarges as an Ampulla; together with the ducts of the seminal vesicles – form the Ejaculatory ducts which open into the Prostatic urethra
ductus/vas deferens
38
- extends from urinary bladder to end of penis
- passageway for urine and male reproductive fluids (not at same time)
urethra
39
3 parts of male urethra
* prostatic
* membranous
* penile/spongy
40
Shortest male urethra
Membranous
41
Longest male urethra
Penile/spongy
42
contains *corporus cavernosum, corpus spongiosum, spongy urethra*: 3 columns of erectile tissue which fill with blood for erection
Penis
43
- transfer sperm from male to female
- excrete urine
penis
44
Consists of three masses of VASCULAR ERECTILE TISSUE –paired CORPORA CAVERNOSA and midline CORPORA SPONGIOSUM which are bounded by TUNICA ALBUGINEA
Penis
45
Contains 3 erectile tissues – bulb of penis and R / L crura
root of penis
46
* In which the bulb of penis forms the Corpus spongiosum
* Cruca into corpora cavernosa
* enclosed by buck's fascia
body of penis
47
head which is formed by the terminal part of the Corpus Spongiosum and is covered by a fold of skin with a median ventral fold
Glans penis
48
fold of skin covering glans penis
prepuce
49
median ventral fold in prepuce
frenulum
50
Prominent margin in glans penis
corona
51
What glands are located in the corona of glans penis?
small preputial glans (sebaceous glands)
52
The preputial glands of the glans penis is located on its **neck** and **inner surface of prepuce**. It secretes what?
smegma
53
3 tissue surrounding the urethra of the penis
* two corpora cavernosa (dorsal)
* one corpus spongiosum (ventral)
54
Corpora cavernosa surrounded by a dense fibroelastic layer called?
tunica albuginea
55
An erection is parasympathetic or sympathetic
Parasympathetic
56
An ejaculation is parasympathetic or sympathetic?
sympathetic
57
an erection is maintained by what?
contraction of the bulbospongiosus and ischiocabernosus mucles
58
In ejaculation, secretions are ejected because of what?
rhythmic contractions of the Bulbospongiosus which compresses the urethra
59
* penis fills with blood, becomes hard and prepares for ejaculation
* arteries dilate and compress so blood can't gent out
* Must happen first before ejaculation can occur
* Having this does not mean you need to ejaculate
erection
60
* sperm are moved from the epididymis into vas deferens then urethra by through smooth muscle contractions
Ejaculation
61
next to ductus deferens help form ejaculatory duct
seminal vesicles
62
- surrounds (prostatic) urethra
- size of a walnut
prostate gland
63
small mucus secreting glands near base of prostate gland
bulbourethral gland
64
- mixture of sperm and secretions from glands
- provides a transport medium and nutrients that protect and activate sperm
- 60% of fluid is from seminal vesicles
- 30% of fluid is from prostate gland
- 5% of fluid is from bulbourethral gland
- 5% of fluid is from testes
Semen
65
- provide fructose
- contain prostaglandins which decrease mucus thickness around cervix and uterine tubes and help sperm move through female repro. Tract
- contains coagulants that help deliver semen into female
Seminal vesicle
66
Two lobulated organs lying on the posterior surface of bladder; about 2 inches / 5 cm long
seminal vesicle
67
It is medial to vas deferens
seminal vesicle
68
posterior to rectum
seminal vesicle
69
inferior (together with vas deferens) to ejaculatory duct
seminal vesicle
70
SECRETIONS;
* Fluid
* Fructose
* Ascorbic acid
* Amino acids
* Prostaglandins
seminal vesicle
71
- contains enzymes to liquefy semen after it is inside female
- neutralizes acidity of vagina
prostate gland
72
neutralize acidity of male urethra and female vagina
Bulbourethral gland
73
* Fibromuscular Glandular organ that surrounds the Prostatic urethra
* Below neck of bladder
* Above urogenital diaphragm
* 1.25 inches / 3 cm
prostate gland
74
its base lies superiorly against bladder neck
prostate gland
75
its apex lies inferiorly against urogenital diaphragm
prostate gland
76
Produces a thin, milky fluid containing Citric acid and acid phosphatase
prostate gland
77
what do u call the calcified secretions of prostate gland?
corpora amylacea
78
include sperm and small amount of fluid
Testicular secretions
79
____ ml of semen is ejaculated each time
2-5
80
1 ml of semen contains _____ million sperm
100
81
Sperm can live for ____ hours once inside female
72
82
Pathway of the sperm
1. Sperm develop in seminiferous tubules (**testes**)
2. **Epididymis** (mature)
3. **Ductus deferens**
4. Receive secretions from seminal vesicles, prostate gland, and bulbourethral gland (**accessory glands**)
5. **Urethra** where semen (sperm) exit body
83
- formation of sperm cells
- begins at puberty
- interstitial cells (in semin. tubules) increase in number and size
- seminiferous tubules enlarge
- seminiferous tubules produce germ cells and Sustentacular cells
spermatogenesis
84
- sex cells
- sperm in males
- oocytes (eggs) in females
gametes
85
special type of cell division that leads to formation of sex cells
meiosis
86
Each sperm cell and each oocyte contains ______chromosomes
23
87
1. Germ cells
2. Spermatogonia
3. Primary spermatocytes
4. Secondary spermatocytes
5. Spermatids
6. Sperm cells
(maturation) production of sperm cell
88
Part of sperm cell that contain a nucleus and DNA
head
89
Part of sperm cell that contain mitochondria
midpiece
90
Part of sperm cell that contain flagellum for movement
tail
91
- source: hypothalamus
- stimulates secretion of LH and FSH
Gonadotropin releasing hormone
92
- source: anterior pituitary gland
- stimulates secretion of testosterone
LH (Luteinizing)
93
- source: anterior pituitary gland
- prompts spermatogenesis
FSH (Follicle-stimulating hormone)
94
- source: interstitial cells in testes
- involved in development and maintenance of reproductive organs
testosterone
95
- sequence of events in which a boy begins to produce male hormones and sperm cells
- begins at 12-14 and ends around 18
- testosterone is major male hormone
- secondary sexual characteristics develop:
Ex. Skin texture, fat distribution, hair growth, skeletal muscle growth, and larynx changes
male puberty
96
occurring commonly in the periurethral glands where it often leads to compression of the urethra and problems in urination
benign prostatic hypertrophy
97
* (adenocarcinoma) occurring mainly in the glands of the peripheral zone
* Elevated levels of PSA indicate abnormal glandular mucosa typically due to this
prostatic carcinoma
98
* can result from diabetes, anxiety, vascular disorders or nerve damage during prostatectomy
* Drug Sildenafil promotes relaxation in the smooth muscle cells of helicine arteries and erectile tissue and enhances the neural effect to produce or maintain an erection
erectile dysfunction/impotence
99
* the accessibility of the ductus / vas deferens in the spermatic cord allows for the most common surgical method of male sterilization
* After the procedure, sperm are still produced but they degenerate and are removed by macrophages in the epididymis
vasectomy
100
inflammation of the testis, frequently involves the ducts connecting the testis to the epididymis
orchitis
101
* Occur secondary to urinary tract infection or sexually transmitted such as Chlamydia or Neisseria gonorrhea infections
* Scrotal pain and tenderness
epididymitis
102
involves germ cell tumors, which only appear after puberty and are more likely to develop with men with untreated cryptorchidism
testicular cancer
103
failure of one or both testis to descend from the abdomen; bilateral ________ causes infertility if not surgically corrected
cryptorchidism
104
* accumulation of serous fluid in the scrotal sac
* Scrotal swelling
hydrocele
105
* the inability to retract the skin (foreskin or prepuce) covering the head (glans) of the penis
* may appear as a tight ring or “rubber band” of foreskin around the tip of the penis, preventing full retraction
phimosis
106
The procedure offers many benefits, including making the penis easier to clean and reducing your child's risk of developing certain conditions, such as urinary tract infections
circumcision
107
external urethral orifice is on the **VENTRAL** side of the glans penis (glandular), body of penis (penile) or junction of penis and scrotum (penoscrotal)
Hypospadias
108
external urethral orifice is on the DORSAL side of the penis
epispadias
